1. Hearing: Sound Waves zAuditory perception occurs when sound waves interact with the structures of the ear. zSound Wave - changes over time in the pressure of an elastic medium (for example, air or water). zWithout air (or another elastic medium) there can be no sound waves, and thus no sound

2. Characteristics of Sound –SOUNDS WAVES zVARY IN:Which Affect: zAmplitudeLoudness zWavelength z(frequency) Pitch zDemo- Telephone zHint- Waves on beach zHigh speed= high frequncey zAmplitude- Height, tall, more Energy

3. Oooooohhhh,…. pictures

4. Frequency of Sound Waves zThe frequency of a sound wave is measured as the number of cycles per second (Hertz) y20,000 HzHighest Frequency we can hear y 4,186 HzHighest note on a piano y 1,000 HzHighest pitch of human voice y 100 HzLowest pitch of human voice y 27 HzLowest note on a piano

5. Sound waves Demo… zhttp://www.wwnorton.com/college/psych/psyc hsci2/content/activities/ch05.asp#http://www.wwnorton.com/college/psych/psyc hsci2/content/activities/ch05.asp#

6. Intensity of Various Sounds Example P (in sound- pressure units) Log PDecibels Softest detectable sound Soft whisper Quiet neighborhood Average conversation Loud music from a radio Heavy automobile traffic Very loud thunder Jet airplane taking off Loudest rock band on record Spacecraft launch 9from 150 ft.) 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000 01234567890123456789 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

7. Anatomy of Ear zPurpose of the structures in the ear: yMeasure the frequency (pitch) of sound waves yMeasure the amplitude (loudness) of sound waves

8. Major Structures of the Ear zOuter Ear - acts as a funnel to direct sound waves towards inner structures zMiddle Ear - consists of three small bones (or ossicles) that amplify the sound zInner Ear - contains the structures that actually transduce sound into neural response

9. How does the ear hear? zhttp://www.wwnorton.com/college/psych/psyc hsci2/content/activities/ch05.asp#http://www.wwnorton.com/college/psych/psyc hsci2/content/activities/ch05.asp# zEar animation

10. How do we hear pitch or tone? zPlace Theory = The hair cells in your cochlea Respond to different sounds based upon location. Some respond to High Pitch Some to Low Pitch FREQUENCY THEORY= the rate of vibration of hair cells in cochlea determine pitch.