1. ACIDS, BASES, and pH

2. Acids, Bases, and pH Vocabulary
Solution
Acid
Base
pH scale
Ion- an atom or molecule with a positive (+) or negative (-) charge
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Solutions
A solution is also called a homogenous mixture, which is a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout.
Many solutions have certain properties that make them an acid or a base
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4. Acids
Acids are found in a your medicine cabinet, refrigerator, and on your kitchen shelves
Examples of acids include: aspirin, vitamin C, eyewash, oranges, grapes, lemons, grapefruit , apples, milk, tea, pickles, vinegar and carbonated drinks

5. Why are acids important?
Food digestion! You could not digest food if it were not for gastric acid in your stomach.
The manufacture of dyes, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and explosives involves the use of acids.

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Acids
Acids taste sour when dissolved in water
Produce a burning or prickly feeling on the skin
Acids react with carbonates (like baking soda) and most metals
Acids have a pH of less than 7
Produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Examples of acids can be found in many foods such as; oranges, tomatoes, vinegar, and lemons.
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7. Examples of Acids Name Formula Uses Hydrochloric HCl
Cleaning bricks and metals, digesting food
Sulfuric
H2SO4
Manufacturing paints, plastics, fertilizers, dehydrating agent
Nitric
HNO3
Removing Tarninsh, making explosives (TNT), Making fertilizers
Boric
H3BO3
Eye wash
Carbonic
H2CO3
Carbonating beverages
Phosphoric
H3PO4
Making fertilizers and detergents
Citric
H3C6H5O7
Making soft drinks

8. Bases Bases are also found in household products.
Examples of bases include: milk of magnesia, deodorants, ammonia and soap.

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Bases
Bases taste bitter and feel slippery or soapy.
Bases react with fatty acids and oils to dissolve them
Bases have a pH of greater than 7
Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
Examples of bases: soap, ammonia, antacids (Tums or Rolaids), tooth paste, baking soda, floor cleaner
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10. Examples of Bases Name Formula Uses Sodium Hydroxide NaOh
Making soap, drain cleaner
Potassium Hydroxide
KOH
Making soap, battery electrolyte
Calcium Hydroxide
CaOH2
Leather production, making plaster
Magnesium Hydroxide
MgOH2
Laxative, antacid
Ammonium Hydroxide
NH4OH
Household cleaner
Aluminum Hydroxide
AlOH3
Antacid, deodorant

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pH scale
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is, on a scale of 0-14 and is a measurement of acidity.
pH stands for “potential of hydrogen”, which refers to the ions acids and bases release when dissolved in water. The ions create a chemical reaction when in contact with a pH indicator like red cabbage juice or pH paper, which turns the indicator a different color.
Acids have a pH below 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid as that substance will release more hydrogen ions when dissolved.
Bases have a pH above 7. The higher the pH, the stronger the base, as that substance will also release more hydroxide ions when dissolved.
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12. Red Cabbage Juice pH Scale

13. Neutrals A substance is considered neutral if it has a pH of 7.
Neutrals are neither an acid or a base.
Example: Distilled (pure) water.