1. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 12 Pregnancy & Childbirth

2. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Preview and Text Assignment Preview

3. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  How do parents usually feel when they first discover they are pregnant?  Why is it so important to go to the doctor as soon as a woman thinks she is pregnant?  How does the baby develop during pregnancy? Preview Chapter Questions

4. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Questions  How can a woman be in control of her childbirth experience?  What exactly happens during birth?  What happens right after the baby is born? Preview

5. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Guided Learning Process  1 st : Question  2 nd : Study  3 rd : Mark  4 th : Question again  5 th : Recite  6 th : Check  7 th : Restudy if necessary Preview

6. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Special Sections Preview SS

7. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Personal Perspective: Postpartum Depression How does a woman feel who has postpartum depression? Preview PP

8. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Cultural Perspectives: The Use of Ultrasounds Why do Japanese women have so many more ultrasounds when pregnant? Preview CP

9. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. At Issue Today : Options for Delivery What are some different ways that babies can be born? Preview AI

10. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. A Question of Policy: Frozen Embryos and Stem Cells What are embryonic stem cells and why are they important? Preview QP

11. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Preview SS END

12. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy Presumptive signs Probable signs Positive signs A

13. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tests for Pregnancy  Biologic tests  Immunologic tests  Both detect human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) A

14. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculating the Birth Date  Duration of pregnancy — 240 days or 40 weeks  Naegele’s formula

15. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Emotional Reactions to Pregnancy  Depends — planned?  Relationship stability?  Supportive partner?  Financial security? A

16. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prenatal Care  First 3 months — crucial  Inadequate nutrition increases low birth weight & infant death  Teenagers — likely delay until 5th month A

17. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. A End

18. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Minor Side Effects  Nausea  Heartburn  Constipation  Backache  Shortness of Breath  Leg cramps  Insomnia B

19. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Major Complications of Pregnancy  Toxemia  Abruptio placentae  Placenta previa  Ectopic pregnancy Tubal pregnancy  Rh incompatibility B

20. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Effects of Emotional Stress  Increased complications  Preterm births  Low birth weight  Postpartum depression  Long-term impact on infant’s development B

21. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. B End

22. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prenatal Development  Germinal period – 1 st 14 days Conception  implantation  Embryonic period – 2  8 weeks Head – heart – basic body systems – 1 st bones  Fetal period – 8 weeks  birth 3 mos: 3 “ long; major organs; head and face 5 mo: 1 #; sleeps; wakes; movement felt C

23. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. B End

24. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Prepared Childbirth  Full knowledge and understanding of birth process  Medication?  The Lamaze Method Education Exercise Breathing and relaxation Partner offers emotional support D

25. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. D End

26. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Labor  Labor — rhythmic contractions at fixed intervals gradually getting closer  Impending labor: rupture of amniotic sac – mucus plug  Median first labor = 10.6 hrs.  Median subsequent labor = 6.2 hours E

27. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Stages of Labor 1. Dilation stage Cervix opens to 4” (10 cm) 2. Baby is born 3. Pass placenta (afterbirth) E

28. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Cesarean Section  Reasons for cesarean: – small pelvic opening – difficult labor – heart disease, diabetes, STDs – placenta previa – breech or other malpresentation E

29. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. E End

30. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Apgar Score 1. Heart rate 2. Respiratory rate 3. Muscle tone 4. Reflex response 5. Color F

31. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Postpartum Period  Bonding very important in first hours  Rooming In  Adjustments: Depression to some degree is common Rapidly changing hormones Loss of sleep from 24/7 baby care F

32. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Returning to Work  Adequate child care?  Finances  The Family & Medical Leave Act (1993) F

33. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. F End