1. How to Use the Mineral Identification Key PHYSICAL SCIENCE 120 GLENDALE COMMUNITY COLLEGE STAN CELESTIAN INSTRUCTOR (*) This symbol means advance to the next slide.

2. For this lab you will need the following materials from you lab kit. Glass Plate Copper Wire Streak Plate (*)

3. This is the first page of the Mineral Identification Key. Note that the first property of the unknown mineral that you need to identify is LUSTER. Luster is divided into two main groups: METALLIC and NON – METALLIC. (*)

4. The Key is like a flow chart: you go through a series of steps to narrow down the possibilities This presentation will take you through 3 minerals using this Key. (*)

5. These are the minerals that will be used for this example. (*) Mineral 1 Mineral 3 Mineral 2 Streak Plate Copper Wire Glass Plate

6. The first thing to check is the luster. This mineral has a metallic luster. (*) Streak Plate According to Table 1, the mineral is located on Table 2. The next step is to check the streak of the mineral. (*)

7. Streak Plate To take the streak of the mineral you rub it across the streak plate. (*) This mineral has a grayish to black colored streak. (*) Note that there is more than one mineral that has a gray to black streak. (*)

8. Streak Plate This one test has eliminated the last four minerals on the list. Next you must read the physical properties of the minerals that are remaining. (*) Hefting the mineral in your hand reveals that it is very heavy. The color of the specimen is also a steel gray. It looks like it might be GALENA or maybe MAGNETITE. The others are eliminated because of their color. This mineral does NOT scratch glass. Its hardness is therefore less than 5.5. Magnetite has a hardness of about 6 and would easily scratch the glass. The mineral is therefore GALENA. (It also displays cubic cleavage.) (*) No scratch on the glass plate Graphite is eliminated because of its greasy feel. (*)

9. The next “unknown”. Streak Plate This specimen is non-metallic and light colored. So we proceed to tables 4A and 4B. (*) Next, is it harder or softer than glass? It is determined that the specimen does NOT scratch glass. This mineral is located on Table 4B. (*)

10. The next step is to check for cleavage. All of the specimens that you have been given are of broken pieces. Flat, parallel faces indicate cleavage. This mineral possesses cleavage. (*)

11. From here it is a process of elimination. (*) Let’s look at the cleavage. It is in 3 directions. In addition to the two cleavage directions indicated by the red lines, the third direction is the side the specimen is resting on (bottom) and the other side is the top. Note also that the angles of cleavage are not at 90 o. Another useful aspect of this mineral is that it does not scratch your fingernail. Its hardness is less than 2.5. (*) Remember that cleavage faces are parallel. Although there are 4 lines, they represent 2 different directions of cleavage.

12. Starting from the top: Halite may seem possible but with perfect cubic cleavage (cleavage at 90 o,… it is ruled out. (*) Gypsum meets all of the physical properties listed. In fact, it is gypsum. But let’s see how the others differ from gypsum. (*) Calcite will scratch your fingernail and it will effervesce (fizz) in cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. We are not able to supply you with this acid but you could try vinegar. A piece of calcite that has been powdered on a clean streak plate will fizz slowly in vinegar. (*) Fluorite has cleavage in 4 directions and will easily scratch your fingernail. (*) Muscovite is a type of mica. It cleaves extremely easily producing thin sheets that are elastic – they spring back. Gypsum can produce thin cleavage sheets but they do not spring back. Also, muscovite has cleavage in only 1 direction while gypsum cleaves in 3. (*) Talc is extremely soft with a hardness of 1. It also cleaves so easily that it comes off in your hands. Talc has a soapy feel. (*) Finally there is Barite. Barite has a fairly high specific gravity at 4.5. It feels heavy in the hand. In addition, with a hardness of 3 it would easily scratch your fingernail. (*) Let’s take a look at the last mineral. (*)

13. Just by looking at the specimen you should classify it as non- metallic and light colored. Then the question is: Is it harder or softer than glass? (*)

14. Rubbing this specimen across the glass plate leaves a definite scratch. The mineral has a hardness of greater than 5.5. (*)

15. From table 4A the next important property is cleavage. Does the mineral have it or not? (*) Remember that all of the specimens that you will be looking at are of broken minerals. If it has smooth, flat surfaces, it has cleavage. This specimen does have cleavage that can be seen when the light angle changes. (*) Note how the light reflects of the many parallel faces. This is a good example of cleavage and one way to look for it (without breaking the specimen). (*)

16. So it appears that the only non- metallic, light colored mineral with prominent cleavage on the list is FELDSPAR. This is a specimen of Orthoclase Feldspar, but for the lab, Feldspar is good enough. (*)

17. THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE THE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION KEY FOLLOWED BY HELPFUL HINTS FOR MINERAL IDENTIFICATION Feel free to print these out for the identification of the minerals in you kit.

27. THE END