1. pH, Acidic and Basic Solutions

2. Acids
Acids are substances that release positively charged hydrogen ions, H+, in the water.
H+ will combine with water releasing a positively charged ion called hydronium (H3O)+
HYDRONIUM ions + charge - HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HCl + H2O -----> (H3O)+ + Cl-

3. Bases
Bases are substances that release negatively charged hydroxide ions, OH-, in the water.
NaOH +H2O > Na+ + OH- + H2O
SODIUM HYDROXIDE H= and OH- is VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!

4. Strengths of Acids and Bases
The strength of an acid depends on how easily the acid will release H+ (hydrogen) ions when in water
The strength of a base depends on how easily the base will release OH- (hydroxide) ions when in water

5. Indicators
Indicators are compounds that react with acidic and basic solutions and produce certain colors, depending on the solution’s pH.
Indicators help you determine the pH of a solution.

6. *Litmus paper is an indicator
It shows if a substance is an acid or a base:
Red litmus paper in a base solution turns blue
Blue litmus paper in an acid turns red

7. 3
*Universal Indicator
Gives you more information than the Litmus paper
because gives you the pH value of the substance

8. pH and pH Scale pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a
solution is and depends on the concentration
of hydronium and hydroxide ions.
“pH stands for percentage hydrogen”

9. pH and pH Scale The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7.
A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Basic solutions have pH values above 7.

10. Mini Lab 1: Litmus paper In groups.
Each group has 2 substances ( vinegar and ammonia), 2 strips of red litmus paper and 2 strips of blue litmus paper.
Dip one red strip and one blue inside each one of the substances and record your results on a table.
VINEGAR, WATER, baking soda solution , milk of magnesia , ammonia

11. Mini Lab 1: Litmus paper Ammonia Soda Red color ? Blue Acid or Base? ?
VINEGAR, WATER, baking soda solution , milk of magnesia , ammonia

12. Mini Lab:
Write a paragraph explaining why you obtained such results and if the substances you tested are acids or bases .
Explain what is the role of the paper you used during the experiment and why did it changed color.
VINEGAR, WATER, baking soda solution , milk of magnesia , ammonia

13. Mini Lab 1: Litmus paper Ammonia Soda Red Turn blue Stay red Blue
Stay blue
Turn red
Acid or Base?
base
acid
VINEGAR, WATER, baking soda solution , milk of magnesia , ammonia

14. *Properties of Acidic Solutions
-sour taste
-can conduct electricity because it has ions
-are corrosive, which means they break down -certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin, and paper.
-react strongly with certain metals.

15. Uses of Acids Acetic Acid - vinegar and salad dressings
Citric Acid in limes, lemons and oranges
Ascorbic acid – vit C
Sulfuric acid - fertilizers,
steel, paints, and plastics.
Acids – batteries

16. Properties of Basic Solutions
Slippery
Bitter taste
Bases are corrosive.
can conduct electricity ( have ions)
Basic solutions are not as reactive with metals as acidic solutions are.

17. Uses of Bases soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products
Chalk is basic
Blood is basic

18. Neutralization
*Neutralization is the chemical reaction of an acid with a base. Ex:
NEW SUBSTANCES WILL FORM ACID AND BASE ARE NOT THERE ANYMORE, new substances will not release Hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion, new substances are neutral
It is a chemical reaction because new
substances are being formed ( salt and water)

19. *How does neutralization occur?
Recall that every water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
The reaction of a base and an acid results in
water and a salt . Water has a neutral pH.
It is called neutralization because the acid and the
base are not there anymore…….
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H20 ( neutral)
BOOK MAKES IT TOO COMPLICATED ….. NOTES ARE WHAT YOU SHOUL KNOW

20. Lab:
Creating a pH scale