1. Latin American peoples win Independence
Chapter 24
Section 1
Latin American peoples win Independence

2. Key Terms Mulatto Creoles Peninsulares Miguel Hidalgo
Jose Maria Morelos
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin

3. Revolutions in the Americas
First Latin American country to break ties with Europe
Located in the western Caribbean
Dan Dominique one of France’s richest possessions (sugar)

4. Revolutions in the Americas
Declarations of rights of men gave all men the right to vote
Including Mulattoes
Mixed African and French ancestry
French settlers resisted the new law
Tensions arose

5. Revolutions in the americas
Toussaint L’Ouverture- a former enslaved African led mulattoes and slaves in a bloody revolt
Made him a hero in Hispanola
Napoleon sent a French General to take control
1802 French agreed to an armistice
1803 French break deal and imprison Toussaint

6. Haiti’s Independence
January 1, 1804 General Dessalines declares colony independent
First black colony to free itself from Europe
Called Haiti for mountainous land

7. Colonies of Spain and Portugal
1800’s Spain controlled Latin America including Mexico
Portugal governed Brazil
1700’s Spanish kings made improvements
Roads
Regulating trade
Colonies grew in wealth and prosperity

8. Colonies of Spain and Portugal
Wealth gave Latin Americans greater exposure to education
Read works of Enlightenment philosophers
Learned of revolutions in France and United States

9. Creoles Lead Independence
Creoles-people born in colonies and are European descent
Peninsulares-colonists born in Spain
Similar between Portuguese born and colonists
Creoles excluded from high level government and church position

10. Creoles Lead Independence
High positions reserved for the Peninsulares
Small percentage of population
Creoles started to resent Peninsulares
1807 Napoleon invaded Spain
Creole revolutionaries decided to act

11. A Cry for Freedom
Miguel Hidalgo-1810 first to call for Mexican independence
September 16, 1810 Hidalgo rang a bell and delivered a speech against the Peninsulares
Death to bad government and death to the Spaniards.”

12. A Cry for Freedom The revolt was not against Spain
Spanish authorities knew he was behind the revolution
He was captured and executed
Hidalgo became the father of Mexican independence

13. A Cry for Freedom Jose Maria Morelos became the new leader
Organized Mexican congress with representatives
Morelos wanted all people born in Mexico to be called Americans
Wanted Mexico to an independent republic with guaranteed freedoms

14. A Cry for Freedom He led troops into Mexico
Took control of parts of Mexico
1815 he was defeated by Agustin de Iturbide
Was captured and executed for treason

15. Mexico’s independence
Not all Creoles wanted independence
Agustin de Iturbide wanted to lead the final battle against the revolutionaries
Believed he could end the Mexican independence movement

16. Mexico's independence Iturbide made a three part proposal
Mexico would gain its independence
Creoles and peninsulares would have equal rights
Roman catholic Church would be the official church
Both royalists and rebels joined Iturbide became Emperor Agustin I

17. Bolivar’s route to Victory
Most influential leader in South American independence
Known as the liberator
Born into a wealthy Creole family
Admirer of Napoleon
1811 Venezuela declared independence from Spain

18. Bolivar’s Route to Victory
Bolivar led a series of expeditions against Spanish forces
Bolivar dreamt about an independent South America
Wanted a large united country called the Federation of the Andes

19. Bolivar’s Route to Victory
Set up Gran Colombia
Included Venezuela
Columbia
Panama
Ecuador
Other leaders set up other countries
Peru
Bolivia

20. San Martin leads Southern Liberation forces
Fought for independence in the North
Was a soldier who fought against Napoleon
Born in Argentina
Lead independent movement in Argentina

21. San Martin Leads southern Liberation Forces
After declaring independence for Argentina in 1816
San Martin moved to Chile
Led troops over a 15,000 foot summit
Surprised Spanish troops and win independence

22. Jose de San Martin Moved to Gran Colombia Met Simon Bolivar
San Martin resigned his position
Left Bolivar in charge
Defeated the Spanish in 1824 (Peru)
Last major battle for independence

23. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807
John VI fled to Brazil
Lived there for 10 years
Raised the status of the colony
Became the capitol of Portuguese Empire
John named Rio de Janeiro the capitol

24. Brazil’s royal Liberator
Brazil allowed to trade with the rest of the world
John VI returned to Portugal in 1820
Left his son Don Pedro to rule
Bolivar and San Martin were liberating the rest of South America

25. Brazil’s royal liberator
1822 Creoles demand independence
8,000 Brazilians sign a petition
September 1822 Prince Pedro declared Brazil independent
Pedro I was soon crowned emperor
Achieve independence with very little violence