1. Imperialism in America

2. Industrialization changed America making it an international powerhouse Industrialization changed America making it an international powerhouse Many believe the US needed to protect political, economic and social interests Many believe the US needed to protect political, economic and social interests

3. Why the US grew Economic factors Economic factors Natural resources Natural resources Markets to sell manufactured goods Markets to sell manufactured goods Nationalistic factors Nationalistic factors Rivalry between nations Rivalry between nations Military factors Military factors European Armies and Navies were much stronger than those in Africa and Southeast Asia Humanitarian Factors Humanitarian Factors Official believed it was their duty to spread western ideas Law Medicine Christian religion

4. Europe led the way for imperialism US was eager to join the competition US was eager to join the competition US interests expand US interests expand 1820’s- Monroe Doctrine was main principle for foreign policy 1820’s- Monroe Doctrine was main principle for foreign policy Stay neutral in European affairs Stay neutral in European affairs Warn other nations not to interfere in Western Hemisphere Warn other nations not to interfere in Western Hemisphere 1830’s- 1850’s- Manifest destiny 1830’s- 1850’s- Manifest destiny Take Texas, California and other Southwest territories Take Texas, California and other Southwest territories

5. 1866- William H Seward sent 50,000 troops to protect Mexican border when France took Mexican throne 1866- William H Seward sent 50,000 troops to protect Mexican border when France took Mexican throne 1867- Seward bought Alaska from Russia 1867- Seward bought Alaska from Russia 1853- Matthew C. Perry convinced Japan to trade with US 1853- Matthew C. Perry convinced Japan to trade with US By 1860’s expanded trade with China By 1860’s expanded trade with China 1867- wanted pacific islands to use as refueling and repair station 1867- wanted pacific islands to use as refueling and repair station 1874- signed treaty with Hawaii 1874- signed treaty with Hawaii Allowed Hawaiians to sell sugar in the US duty free Allowed Hawaiians to sell sugar in the US duty free Did not sell or lease territory to foreign power Did not sell or lease territory to foreign power 1870- Ulysses S. Grant said Monroe doctrine would protect territories in Latin American and Caribbean Islands 1870- Ulysses S. Grant said Monroe doctrine would protect territories in Latin American and Caribbean Islands

6. Arguments for US expansion Economic growth Economic growth Overproduction led to argument for abroad markets Overproduction led to argument for abroad markets Rockefeller’s standard oil, American Telephone and Telegraph became international corporations Rockefeller’s standard oil, American Telephone and Telegraph became international corporations

7. Arguments for Expansion Some business owners invested in economies of other countries Some business owners invested in economies of other countries Minor C Keith- Costa Rica Minor C Keith- Costa Rica In return received Long term lease for railroad and land In return received Long term lease for railroad and land Exported 50million bunches of bananas from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras Exported 50million bunches of bananas from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras Banana republics Banana republics

8. Arguments for Expansion American Security American Security Alfred T Mahan argued US needed powerful navy to protect markets Alfred T Mahan argued US needed powerful navy to protect markets Navy increased their budget Navy increased their budget Built cruisers, battleships, gunboats, torpedo boats Built cruisers, battleships, gunboats, torpedo boats By 1900 US was one of the most powerful navies in the world By 1900 US was one of the most powerful navies in the world

9. Arguments for Expansion Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt used social Darwinism to justify expansion Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt used social Darwinism to justify expansion Not only destiny but a noble pursuit Not only destiny but a noble pursuit

10. Spanish American War

11. Displays of US power 1891-Chilean mob killed 2 Americans and injured 17 others 1891-Chilean mob killed 2 Americans and injured 17 others US forced Chile government to pay 75,000 to the families of the sailors who were killed US forced Chile government to pay 75,000 to the families of the sailors who were killed 1893- rebellion broke loose in Brazil 1893- rebellion broke loose in Brazil US sent navy to protect US shipping interests and rebellion stopped US sent navy to protect US shipping interests and rebellion stopped When Britain and Venezuela were disputing about ownership of territory US tried to enforce the Monroe doctrine by asking them to settle disputes in arbitration When Britain and Venezuela were disputing about ownership of territory US tried to enforce the Monroe doctrine by asking them to settle disputes in arbitration Britain refuses saying the Monroe Doctrine has no international power but eventually agree to arbitration Britain refuses saying the Monroe Doctrine has no international power but eventually agree to arbitration

12. Cuban Rebellion Spain controlled Cuba Spain controlled Cuba They tried to gain independence but failed They tried to gain independence but failed Spain established a “reconcentration” and forced hundreds of thousands of Cubans to guarded camps Spain established a “reconcentration” and forced hundreds of thousands of Cubans to guarded camps Disease and starvation killed 200,000 Cubans Disease and starvation killed 200,000 Cubans Cubans in America urged the government to help, but they refused Cubans in America urged the government to help, but they refused In response Cuban guerrillas destroyed American sugar plantations in Cuba In response Cuban guerrillas destroyed American sugar plantations in Cuba Business owners pushed for the government to act upon the situation Business owners pushed for the government to act upon the situation

13. Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst worked together to share the stories of what was happening in Cuba- Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst worked together to share the stories of what was happening in Cuba- Yellow Journalism Americans began to favor the Cuban Guerillas and led to Jingoism- desire for aggressive foreign policy Americans began to favor the Cuban Guerillas and led to Jingoism- desire for aggressive foreign policy

14. Steps to war Riots broke out in Havana; in response President McKinley moved the battleship U.S.S. Maine into the city’s harbor to protect the US citizens Riots broke out in Havana; in response President McKinley moved the battleship U.S.S. Maine into the city’s harbor to protect the US citizens The de Lome Letter- Spanish ambassador Dupuy de Lome wrote a letter describing McKinley as weak and a coward The de Lome Letter- Spanish ambassador Dupuy de Lome wrote a letter describing McKinley as weak and a coward Raised a commotion in the US Raised a commotion in the US Feb 15 1898 an explosion sank the Maine Feb 15 1898 an explosion sank the Maine 250 US sailors were killed 250 US sailors were killed Blamed Spain for the incident Blamed Spain for the incident The American public wanted a war The American public wanted a war

15. Spain controlled the Philippines and they also began to rebel against Spain McKinley had the navy attack the Spanish in the Philippines Spain controlled the Philippines and they also began to rebel against Spain McKinley had the navy attack the Spanish in the Philippines US sent a list of demands to Spain to try and solve the problems peacefully US sent a list of demands to Spain to try and solve the problems peacefully Compensation for the Maine Compensation for the Maine End to the reconsentration camps End to the reconsentration camps Truce in Cuba Truce in Cuba Cuban independence Cuban independence

16. Spain agreed to all except Cuban independence Spain agreed to all except Cuban independence US authorized force against Spain US authorized force against Spain Action began in the Philippines US admiral Dewey attacked Spain on May 1, 1898 and destroyed the entire fleet in 7 hours Action began in the Philippines US admiral Dewey attacked Spain on May 1, 1898 and destroyed the entire fleet in 7 hours American troops gathered in Florida to prepare an attack on Cuba American troops gathered in Florida to prepare an attack on Cuba US sank every Spanish ship in 3 months US sank every Spanish ship in 3 months 2,500 Americans died during the war 2,500 Americans died during the war 400 from battle the others from food poisoning, yellow fever, malaria, and inadequate medical care 400 from battle the others from food poisoning, yellow fever, malaria, and inadequate medical care

17. Treaty of Paris Spain recognized Cuban independence Spain recognized Cuban independence Spain gave up the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for 20 million Spain gave up the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for 20 million Tensions between Filipino’s and Americans arose because US ignored the proclamation made by Aguinaldo stating Philippine independence Tensions between Filipino’s and Americans arose because US ignored the proclamation made by Aguinaldo stating Philippine independence A three year war followed A three year war followed 4,000 Americans killed and 3,000 wounded 4,000 Americans killed and 3,000 wounded 16,000 Filipino rebels killed and 200,000 civilians 16,000 Filipino rebels killed and 200,000 civilians Occasional fighting continued Occasional fighting continued They did not gain independence until 1946 They did not gain independence until 1946

18. Cuba Although Cuba was independent US involvement did not decrease, Cubans felt that the US just replaced Spain Although Cuba was independent US involvement did not decrease, Cubans felt that the US just replaced Spain McKinley installed a military government which organized a school system and made them more economically stable McKinley installed a military government which organized a school system and made them more economically stable Established a commission that found a cure for yellow fever Established a commission that found a cure for yellow fever

19. In 1900 Cuba began to draft a constitution which modeled the US constitution and did not allow US involvement In 1900 Cuba began to draft a constitution which modeled the US constitution and did not allow US involvement US agreed to remove troops if they signed the Platt Amendment (remained in force until 1934) US agreed to remove troops if they signed the Platt Amendment (remained in force until 1934) Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreements Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreements Must allow US to establish naval bases Must allow US to establish naval bases Give the US right to intervene when necessary Give the US right to intervene when necessary

20. Puerto Rico US maintained a military government until 1900 US maintained a military government until 1900 Developed infrastructure, education and police force Developed infrastructure, education and police force Foraker Act- removed military and added a civil government under US control Foraker Act- removed military and added a civil government under US control Gradually gave more freedom to Puerto Rican people Gradually gave more freedom to Puerto Rican people