1. America Becomes a World Power
Imperialism

2. Why did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c?
Essential Question:
Why did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c?

3. 1. Commercial/Business Interests
a growing number of policy makers, bankers, manufacturers, and trade unions grew fearful that the country might be closed out in the struggle for global markets and raw materials.
In 1893, an economic panic slowed down industrial growth leading to a search for more resources and markets

4. U.S. Foreign Investments Increase
sparked partly by a European scramble for empire
The American economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade. A quarter of the nation's farm products and half its petroleum were sold overseas.

5. 2. Military/Strategic Interests
the United States was not a great military or diplomatic power. Its army numbered less than 30,000 troops, and its navy had only about 10,000 seamen. Britain's army was five times the size of its American counterpart, and its navy was ten times bigger. The United States' military was small because the country was situated between two large oceans and was surrounded by weak or friendly nations. It faced no serious military threats and had little interest in asserting military power overseas.
To expand into the Pacific, coaling stations were necessary to refuel naval and trading vessels

6. "Whoever rules the waves rules the world,"
Alfred T. Mahan. Germans and Japanese carried his book on this matter along with them as motivation on ruling the seas.

7. “Small states are of the past and have no future
“Small states are of the past and have no future The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. … the United states must not fall out of the line of march.”
Henry Cabot Lodge

8. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking
White Man’s Burden Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.
where an older generation of moralists thought that ruling a people without their consent violated a core principle of republicanism, a younger generation believed that the United States had a duty to uplift backward societies.
A younger generation believed that the United States had a duty to uplift backward societies

9. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests
Mainstream Protestant religious denominations established religion missions in Africa and Asia, including 500 missions in China

10. 5. Closing the American Frontier
Our “Manifest Destiny” shined from sea to shining Sea, and now shifted toward expansion.

11. In the late 1800's, which reason led the United States to give greater attention to the world beyond its borders?
fear of revolution in Latin America
fear of Russian expansion in Alaska
interest in finding places to settle surplus population
interest in obtaining markets for surplus goods

12. How did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c?
Essential Question:
How did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c?

13. “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867 Or “Seward’s Folly?”
$7.2 million

14. Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"

15. Hawaii is located near the center of major shipping routes in the Pacific Ocean

16. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

17. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”

18. Is it in Our Interest? U.S. investments threatened
Spanish authorities commit atrocities against Cuban civilians
Sympathetic to Cubans

19. The Fuze:
Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!

20. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
William Randolph Hearst

21. Theodore Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration.
Imperialist and American nationalist.
Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

22. Rough Riders
Charge up San Juan Hill

23. The Battle of Santiago

24. Dewey Captures Manila!

25. Emilio Aguinaldo July 4, 1946: Philippine independence
Leader of the Filipino Uprising.
July 4, 1946: Philippine independence

26. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines.
The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

27. The American Anti-Imperialist League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.
Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

28. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903)
Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.
The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.
Senator Orville Platt

29. During the late 19th century, some United States newspapers printed exaggerated accounts of Spanish cruelty in Cuba. These reports helped to bring about the Spanish-American War primarily by
arousing public opinion against Spain
provoking the anger of the business community
alienating the Spanish government
encouraging the formation of Spanish revolutionary groups

30. Panama

31. TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)
Panama Canal
TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)
The canal would cut travel time and expense for trade between the Atlantic and the Pacific

32. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

33. Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

34. In the early 1900s, one reason the United States favored building a canal across Panama was that the canal would
reduce shipping costs on routes that linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
help unify the nations of Latin America
improve United States relations with Latin America
end the need for a “big stick” policy

35. China

36. The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

37. The Open Door Policy

38. Which goal of United States foreign policy is pictured in the cartoon?
allowing China the right to follow a policy of isolation
establishing a United States colony in China
assisting in the growth of China's industrialization
increasing opportunities for the United States to trade with China

39. America as a Pacific Power

40. America's
New
Role

41. Constable of the World

42. The Great White Fleet: 1907

43. Route of the Great White Fleet – 1907-08

44. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

45. The early 20th century policy of dollar diplomacy indicated a United States desire to
institute the dollar as an international currency
give generous amounts of foreign aid to less developed countries
interact with foreign countries in ways profitable to United States corporations
give trade preferences to nations that follow a capitalist system