1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 13: Systems Analysis and Design Steps in programming

2. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-2 McGraw-Hill Introduction Most people in an organization are involved with an information system of some kind.Most people in an organization are involved with an information system of some kind. For the organization to create and use the system requires thought and effort.For the organization to create and use the system requires thought and effort. In this chapter, you learn about a six step process for performing systems analysis and design.In this chapter, you learn about a six step process for performing systems analysis and design.

3. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-3 McGraw-Hill System Analysis and Design Six-phase problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information systemSix-phase problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information system

4. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-4 McGraw-Hill Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation The preliminary investigation determines the need for a new information systemThe preliminary investigation determines the need for a new information system

5. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-5 McGraw-Hill Phase 2: Systems Analysis Data is collected about the present system and then analyzed to determine the new requirementsData is collected about the present system and then analyzed to determine the new requirements

6. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-6 McGraw-Hill Analyzing the Data in Phase 2 ChecklistChecklist Top-down analysis methodTop-down analysis method Grid chartsGrid charts Decision tablesDecision tables System flowchartsSystem flowcharts Data flow diagramsData flow diagrams Automated design toolsAutomated design tools

7. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-7 McGraw-Hill Data Analysis Tools in Phase 2 Grid ChartSystem FlowchartDecision Table Data Flow Diagram

8. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-8 McGraw-Hill Phase 3: Systems Design Now define the alternatives, select the best system, and write a systems design reportNow define the alternatives, select the best system, and write a systems design report Evaluate systems according to economic feasibility, technical feasibility, and operational feasibilityEvaluate systems according to economic feasibility, technical feasibility, and operational feasibility

9. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-9 McGraw-Hill Phase 4: Systems Development In the development phase, you acquire the software and hardware, and test the new systemIn the development phase, you acquire the software and hardware, and test the new system

10. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-10 McGraw-Hill Phase 5: Systems Implementation In the conversion phase, you convert from the old system to the new one, complete with trainingIn the conversion phase, you convert from the old system to the new one, complete with training Types of conversion include: direct, parallel, pilot, and phasedTypes of conversion include: direct, parallel, pilot, and phased

11. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-11 McGraw-Hill Phase 6: Systems Maintenance Systems maintenance is a very important, ongoing activity that includes a systems audit and a periodic evaluationSystems maintenance is a very important, ongoing activity that includes a systems audit and a periodic evaluation

12. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-12 McGraw-Hill What is Programming? Programming is software developmentProgramming is software development Six step procedureSix step procedure 1.Program specification 2.Program design 3.Program code 4.Program test 5.Program documentation 6.Program maintenance