1. Revolutions in Latin America
How were Indians & creoles oppressed under Spanish rule in Latin America?
What ideas influenced Simon Bolivar in his struggle to liberate Latin America?
How did Bolivar & his followers free Latin America from Spanish rule?

2. How were Indians & creoles oppressed under Spanish rule in Latin America?
Indians suffered from overwork, malnutrition & disease
Creoles were not allowed to own certain businesses & were excluded from the highest positions in the church & government
It was dangerous for members of either group to speak out against the government

3. What ideas influenced Simon Bolivar in his struggle to liberate Latin America?
Bolivar was inspired by Enlightenment ideas focusing on people’s right to freedom & equality
He was also inspired by the American Revolution & French Revolution

4. How did Bolivar & his followers free Latin America from Spanish rule?
Bolivar first spread his ideas by holding secret meetings
Then he recruited soldiers & fought a series of battles against the Spanish

5. Spanish South America Simon Bolivar wins independence for Venezuela
Jose de San Martin defeats Spanish forces in Chile
Martin turns army over to Bolivar
Bolivar defeats Spanish in Peru
Colonies win complete freedom from Spain

6. Simon Bolivar

9. Brazil
·  Napoleon invades Portugal > the royal family flees to Brazil
·  After Napoleon’s defeat, the king of Portugal’s son (Dom Pedro) stays in Brazil
· Dom Pedro sides with Creoles & declares independence from Portugal (1822)
· Unique revolution in Latin America > bloodless
Dom Pedro