1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter 13: Systems Analysis and Design

2. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-2 McGraw-Hill Competencies (Page 1 of 2) Describe the six phases of the systems life cycle.Describe the six phases of the systems life cycle. Identify information needs and formulate possible solutions.Identify information needs and formulate possible solutions. Analyze existing information systems and evaluate the feasibility of alternative systems.Analyze existing information systems and evaluate the feasibility of alternative systems.

3. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-3 McGraw-Hill Competencies (Page 2 of 2) Identify, acquire, and test new system software and hardware.Identify, acquire, and test new system software and hardware. Switch from an existing information system to a new one with minimal risk.Switch from an existing information system to a new one with minimal risk. Perform system audits and periodic evaluations.Perform system audits and periodic evaluations. Describe prototyping and rapid applications development.Describe prototyping and rapid applications development.

4. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-4 McGraw-Hill Introduction Most people in an organization are involved with an information system of some kind.Most people in an organization are involved with an information system of some kind. For the organization to create and use the system requires thought and effort.For the organization to create and use the system requires thought and effort. In this chapter, you learn about a six step process for performing systems analysis and design.In this chapter, you learn about a six step process for performing systems analysis and design.

5. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-5 McGraw-Hill System Analysis and Design Six-phase problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information systemSix-phase problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information system

6. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-6 McGraw-Hill Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation The preliminary investigation determines the need for a new information systemThe preliminary investigation determines the need for a new information system

7. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-7 McGraw-Hill Phase 2: Systems Analysis Data is collected about the present system and then analyzed to determine the new requirementsData is collected about the present system and then analyzed to determine the new requirements

8. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-8 McGraw-Hill Analyzing the Data in Phase 2 ChecklistChecklist Top-down analysis methodTop-down analysis method Grid chartsGrid charts Decision tablesDecision tables System flowchartsSystem flowcharts Data flow diagramsData flow diagrams Automated design toolsAutomated design tools

9. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-9 McGraw-Hill Data Analysis Tools in Phase 2 Grid ChartSystem FlowchartDecision Table Data Flow Diagram

10. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-10 McGraw-Hill Phase 3: Systems Design Now define the alternatives, select the best system, and write a systems design reportNow define the alternatives, select the best system, and write a systems design report Evaluate systems according to economic feasibility, technical feasibility, and operational feasibilityEvaluate systems according to economic feasibility, technical feasibility, and operational feasibility

11. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-11 McGraw-Hill Phase 4: Systems Development In the development phase, you acquire the software and hardware, and test the new systemIn the development phase, you acquire the software and hardware, and test the new system

12. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-12 McGraw-Hill Phase 5: Systems Implementation In the conversion phase, you convert from the old system to the new one, complete with trainingIn the conversion phase, you convert from the old system to the new one, complete with training Types of conversion include: direct, parallel, pilot, and phasedTypes of conversion include: direct, parallel, pilot, and phased

13. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-13 McGraw-Hill Phase 6: Systems Maintenance Systems maintenance is a very important, ongoing activity that includes a systems audit and a periodic evaluationSystems maintenance is a very important, ongoing activity that includes a systems audit and a periodic evaluation

14. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-14 McGraw-Hill Prototyping and Rapid Applications Development Alternatives to the systems life cycle may be used if the system is not feasibleAlternatives to the systems life cycle may be used if the system is not feasible –Prototyping is building a model –Rapid applications development (RAD)

15. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-15 McGraw-Hill Careers in IT A systems analyst plans and designs new systems, following the systems life cycleA systems analyst plans and designs new systems, following the systems life cycle Requires a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or Information Systems and technical experienceRequires a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or Information Systems and technical experience Can expect to earn an annual salary of $54,500 to $87,500Can expect to earn an annual salary of $54,500 to $87,500

16. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-16 McGraw-Hill A Look to the Future The Challenge of Keeping PaceThe Challenge of Keeping Pace –To stay competitive with today’s fast business pace, new technologies must be incorporated –Increased use of RAD and prototyping –Increased use of outside consulting

17. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-17 McGraw-Hill Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2) What is a system? What are the six phases of the systems life cycle? Why do corporations undergo this process?What is a system? What are the six phases of the systems life cycle? Why do corporations undergo this process? What are the tools used in the analysis phase? What is top-down analysis? How is it used?What are the tools used in the analysis phase? What is top-down analysis? How is it used?

18. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You 13-18 McGraw-Hill Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2) Describe each type of system conversion. Which is the most commonly used?Describe each type of system conversion. Which is the most commonly used? What is system maintenance? When does it occur?What is system maintenance? When does it occur? Explain prototyping and RAD. When might they be used by corporations?Explain prototyping and RAD. When might they be used by corporations?