1. Latin American Independence Movements

2. Origins of the Independence Movements
Creoles
Government Jobs
Peninsulares
Mercantilism
European Goods VS Colonial Goods
Taxes from Spain
Climate of Resentment

3. Origins of the Independence
1767
Jesuits
The Catholic Church
An act of tyranny

4. Origins December 1804 The Consolidacion Decree Charitable Church Funds
Mexico
Financial Institutions
The Mexican Economy
The Lower Clergy

5. Origins North American Shipping Revolutionary Writings
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolt
The Reign of Terror
The Creole upper class

6. Origins
Latin American Armies
Colonial Militias
Security

7. Origins 1800 The Enlightenment Creoles vs Peninsulares
Creoles vs lower class
Liberty to the masses

8. The Wars for Independence
The Napoleonic Wars
Naval Blockades
Diminishing Spanish Authority
The Malvinas
Buenos Aires
Effects on the Creoles

9. The Wars for Independence
1808
Joseph Bonaparte
The reaction of the Creoles
Problems with Unity

10. Mexico Creole Elite Miguel Hidalgo September 16, 1810
The role of the Natives and mestizos
1811

11. Mexico Jose Maria Morelos November 6, 1813 Reasons for fighting
The capture of Morelos
Ferdinand VII

12. Mexico Unity January 1, 1820 The Cadiz Mutiny Changes in Spain
The Creole Response

13. Mexico Ferdinand VII Vincente Guerrero General Agustin de Iturbide
The Plan of Iguala (February 1821)
New Rules
September 1821
Agustin I

14. Mexico Problems for Iturbide Wealthy Creoles Ideas of a republic
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
General Guadalupe Victoria
Civil War in Mexico

15. Venezuela Simon Bolivar 1811 The Venezuelan Republican Constitution
Pardos
Reasons for divided support.

16. Venezuela Bolivar flees to Colombia
Gaining support of the lower classes
“war to death”
Caracas

17. Venezuela The Liberator Bolivar’s policies Slave Revolts Llaneros
Bolivar flees
May 1815

18. Venezuela Continuing the fight Bolivar’s thoughts on government
September 1816
Forming alliances
Abolishing slavery
Land grants
English Mercenaries

19. Venezuela The Battle of Boyacá Bogota August 7, 1819
The Republic of Colombia
Carabobo
June 1821

20. Southern South America
Buenos Aires
United Provinces of Rio de la Plata
Jose San Martin
Promises of freedom
Argentina

21. Southern South America
San Martin crosses into Chile
Chacabuco
Maipu
Bernardo O’Higgins
February 1818

22. Southern South America
Focusing on Peru
O’Higgins faces problems
San Martin attacks Peru
July 1821

23. Southern South America
July 1822
Bolivar and San Martin meet
San Martin leaves South America
December 1824
Bolivar leaves South America

24. Results of Independence
New Nations
Destruction of life and property
Decapitalization
Reduction of power in the Catholic Church
Increase in military strength
The decline of slavery
Power remained in the hands of the Creoles

25. Results of Independence
Lack of freedom and prosperity
Exports
Britain
Caudillos
Government problems

26. Latin American governments
The chief executive
Lesser caudillos
The role of the Judiciary
The legislative branch
Elections
Voting rights and rules
Differences between conservatives and liberals

27. Brazil Portugal Brazil gets neglected Population Sugar and cotton
Ties with the home country

28. Brazil Peace independence 1808 King Joao VI Rio de Janeiro
Brazil becomes a co-equal with Portugal

29. Brazil The Cortes April 1821 Prince Pedro Brazilian Independence
The role of Britain

30. The US response Trade with the US James Madison James Monroe
Recognition

31. The US response Great Britain John Quincy Adams The Monroe Doctrine
Two spheres
Non intervention