1. BASIC CHEMISTRY All living things are made from chemical compounds

2. The small stuff Atom- is the basic unit of matter

3. Parts of an atom Even though atoms are small they contain –Protons(+) –Neutrons (no charge) –Electrons (-)

4. Elements Pure substances consisting of one type of atom.

5. The BIG 10 Elements 1.Potassium- K 2.Oxygen- O 3.Nitrogen- N 4.Gold- Au 5.Sodium- Na 6. Hydrogen- H 7. Carbon- C 8. Chlorine- Cl 9. Calcium- Ca 10. Iron- Fe

6. Chemical compounds Substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined. –Examples: C 6 H 12 O 6 - sugar H 2 0 – water NaCl – table salt

7. Chemical Bonds Ionic- electrons are transferred Covalent – electrons are shared Van- der Waals- slight attraction between opposite charges –Ex: Geckos

8. Amazing Water Water is the most abundant compound on earth!

9. Hydrogen Bonds Enable water to attract other water molecules

10. Cohesion Water molecules seem to stick together –Why water beads –Why it hurts to do a belly flop

11. Adhesion Water is attracted to other molecules –Water sticks to the side of a water bottle

12. Solutions Mixture – two or more elements that a physically combined.

13. Solutions Mixture in which the molecules are evenly distributed –Solute- what's dissolved –Solvent- what does the dissolving

14. Water is the greatest solvent on EARTH!

15. Today’s Lab You will be working with your table mate. You will need: –One of each of the cups from the back counter. –Two pennies (get them from me) –Lab sheet

16. Acids and Bases

17. PH scale Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

18. Acid Contains higher concentration of H+ ions Has a ph value BELOW 7 –Example- gastric acid (stomach acid)

19. Bases Contains OH- ions Has a ph above 7 –Example : baking soda

20. Buffer Prevents sharp changes in PH

21. Human body The ph of human blood MUST be kept between 7.35 to 7.45 pH. Below or above this range means symptoms and disease. If blood pH moves to much below 6.8 or above 7.8, cells stop functioning and the patient dies.

22. Today's Lab Today you will be testing the ph of different liquids. Some are even items you drink on a daily basis!!!!