2. Objectives Sexual Health and Wellness Safer Sex
Sexually Transmitted Infections
How to protect yourself

3. Sexual Health Is all about: Understanding your body and how it works.
Then you are able to make better choices about sexual activity.
Involves being comfortable with yourself and the decisions you make.
Book Mommy laid a egg
You need education so you are better able to make informed decisions.
Make choices to become pregnant / take precautions not to
Make choices to protect yourself from STI or not to.

4. Goals for Sexual Health:
• Sexual Wellness
• Healthy Relationships
To avoid negative outcomes:
• Unwanted pregnancy
• Sexually transmitted infections
Overall goal: Sexual Health
Self esteem- gives us confidents to be comfortable with the decisions we make.
Respect-for the decisions others make.
Relationships-no pressure, 2 way communication, respect
Desired joy Parenthood-is very different from an unplanned preg
Society is changing all the time.
We are hearing more about same sex marriages.
Brian Huskins, Sexual Identity
They are those who are attracted to the opposite sex- straight.
Some may discover that they are attracted to the same gender – gay, lesbian.
Some are attracted to both gender – bisexual.
Some may feel they are in the wrong body- transgender.
not all may agree with same sex relationships but it is an individual right and their decision needs to be respected.
Sexual Wellness
It’s a state of body/mind that enables you to enjoy and explore sex on your own terms and in your own time.
It is important you are comfortable
-with yourself,
-your partner and
-the decisions that you are making.
If anything that you are about to do makes you uncomfortable- stop before you start.
If you are not prepared to risk pregnancy abstain from sex or practice Safer Sex using Birth Control.
If you are not prepared to risk STD- abstain , practice safer sex using B.C.
Relationships:
There are different types of relationships
All relationships are important and most require work
People are always changing and growing and so are the relationships between them
There is no formula for a perfect relationship but it is important to know the difference between health and unhealthy relationships.
Students need information to make informed decisions.
Choices – what to wear, who to spend time with, what to do, what to have for breakfast
You will have to choose when or whether you are ready to have sex.
You are the one who is responsible for your choices.
Abstinence-Deciding NOT to have sex is a normal and healthy choice.
Abstinence-refers to being 100% safe which eliminates the risk of STI or pregnancy.
A person who is not a virgin can still choose at any time to be abstinent.
You are probley not going to be successful in having all teens abstinence from having sex, so then it is important that they take precautions and practice safer sex.
Safer Sex-take precautions to eliminate your risk From getting Pregnant- STI -HIV
Consider: - How will this affect you after
- Is this your decision ? Are you being pressured.
Birth control- what are going to use
- is it effective
- do you know where to get it or how to use
Pregnancy - Will it affect my life
- what will my parents say
- how will affect my future plans
STI - Will I die from it
- Will it be painful
- Will people know that I have it

5. Making Choices/Sexual Options
Abstinence
Deciding NOT to have sex and choosing to wait is a normal and healthy choice.
Safer Sex
There are no second chances if you take risks!
Students need information to make informed decisions.
Choices – what to wear, who to spend time with, what to do, what to have for breakfast
You will have to choose when or whether you are ready to have sex.
You are the one who is responsible for your choices.
Abstinence-Deciding NOT to have sex is a normal and healthy choice.
Abstinence-refers to being 100% safe which eliminates the risk of STI or pregnancy.
A person who is not a virgin can still choose at any time to be abstinent.
You are probley not going to be successful in having all teens abstinence from having sex, so then it is important that they take precautions and practice safer sex.
Safer Sex-take precautions to eliminate your risk From getting Pregnant- STI -HIV
Consider: - How will this affect you after
- Is this your decision ? Are you being pressured.
Birth control- what are going to use
- is it effective
- do you know where to get it or how to use
Pregnancy - Will it affect my life
- what will my parents say
- how will affect my future plans
STI - Will I die from it
- Will it be painful
- Will people know that I have it

6. Safer Sex-Be Aware
When choosing to participate in a sexual activity consider the risk.
Some sexual activities with a partner have higher risks of STI’s or pregnancy.
When there is an exchange of bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluid or blood from one person to another the risks are greater.
Safer Sex- Be aware, - be informed , - be safe
Think ahead about the choices you make.
Decide what you feel happy and comfortable doing.
If you feel happy and comfortable holding hands that that enough.
If the whole idea of sexual activity makes you feel uncomfortable right now, that’s ok you are not alone.
Drugs and alcohol can impair your judgment.
It’s you responsibility to decide what is right for you at this time in your life.
No Risk- Flirting ,Holding hands ,Hugging ,Physical contact with your cloth on
Low Risk- Skin -to -skin contact like:
Kissing ,Stroking ,Touching ,Fondling ,Feeling ,Massaging
Medium Risks- Oral sex with a condom or dental dam
-Vaginal intercourse with a condom
-Anal intercourse with a condom and lubricant
High risks- Oral sex without a condom or dental dam
-Vaginal intercourse without a condom
-Anal intercourse without a condom

7. … Safer Sex – Be Aware
NO RISKS
LOW RISKS
MEDIUM RISK
HIGH RISKS

8. What is a STI?
It is a contagious infection that is transferred from one person to another through sexual intercourse or other sexually- related behaviors.
It makes no difference if you are straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender

9. How is it transferred ?
The organisms live on the mucous membranes that line the urethra, vagina,anus,and mouth.
It is transferred by direct contact with a sore or lesion on the genitals or mouth.
They can be transferred to another person during oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse.

10. Non Sexual Transmission
Some STI’s can also be transferred by direct nonsexual contact with infected tissue or fluids (blood).Hepatitis B, AIDS.
Transmission include:
Sharing needles.
Contaminated blood transfusion.
Birth.
Breastfeeding- rarely.

11. STI Facts: Often there are no symptoms.
You can get an STI and not know it.(Years from now you can still pass it on to others).
Abstinence is the best way to avoid getting an STI.
STI In Canada young people ages have the highest rate of STI.
The rate of STI is also increasing faster in this age group than in any other.

12. YOU!! If YOU HAVE SEX !!!! Who can get a STI? High Risk Behavior:
Having multiple sexual partners.
Having a past history of any STI.
Having a partner with a past history of
any STI.
Having a partner with an unknown history.
Using drugs or alcohol in a situation where sex might occur.
Having a partner who is an IV drug user.
Bisexual or homosexual partner.
Anal intercourse.
Having unprotected intercourse.

13. Most Common STI’s Bacterial Infections Viral Infections
Bacterial- are treatable. Bacterial:
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea-Dose/Clap
Trichomoniasis
Syphilis
Viral:
HIV/ AIDS
Genital Herpes-Herpes Simplex
Genital Warts- Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis
Viral – you have for life.
-There is no cure.
Genital Warts- are treatable but the virus remains with you.
Parastitic Infections – crabs/scabies

15. S/S - STI: Burning. Rashes,warts or sores. Painful intercourse.
Unusual discharge.
Itching.
The only way to know for sure if you have a STI is to get tested.

16. Chlamydia: One of the most common STI.
Spread: through unprotected sex.
No Symptoms: 80% of women.
50% of men.
S/S: itching, discharge, bleeding after sex,lower abdominal pain, painful urination.
Diagnosed : swab.
Complications: pelvic inflammatory disease.
Treatment: antibiotics. follow-up 4 wks.

19. .

20. Syphilis MANY PEOPLE HAVE NO SYMPTOMS Primary stage: Secondary stage:
Painless sore called chancre on genitals
Secondary stage:
4-10 weeks: rash on the palms of hands, soles of feet or any part of the body.
Patchy hair loss, muscle and joint pain or swollen glands

21. Syphilis cont. Late stage: MOST COMMON IN MALES AGED 20-24!
Two years: Bacteria is attacking internal organs
MOST COMMON IN MALES AGED 20-24!
Bacteria can damage the nerves, heart and brain
Treatment: penicillin

23. Genital Herpes: Caused: Herpes simplex virus.
Spread: Direct contact with the rashes, sores, or blisters of an infected person.
Babies can be affected during birth.
S/S: Blisters ,rashes, sores. Can appear on any body part that was in contact with infected lesion.
Sores and Blisters are very painful.
Diagnosed: Swab.
Treatment: No cure.

28. What is HPV?
HPV – or Human PapillomaVirus – is a common virus that affects both females and males.1
There are more than 100 types of HPV. More than 30 of these affect the genital area.1
Most often HPV infections do not cause any symptoms and go away on their own; however, there are a few types of HPV that can impact health.1
Approximately 75% of Canadians will have at least one HPV infection during their lifetime.1
Young women between 15 and 29 years are at highest risk.2
Anyone who has sexual activity involving genital contact is at risk, even without sexual intercourse.3
Because people with HPV infection may not show any signs or symptoms, they can pass on the virus without even knowing it.4
HPV can lead to serious consequences:1,2
Cervical cancer (cancer of the cervix)
Abnormal cervical cells
Vaginal and vulvar (the outside of the female genital area) cancers
Abnormal vaginal and vulvar (the outside of the female genital area) cells
Genital warts

29. Genital Warts –HPV: Spread: Direct contact with infected area.
S/S: May appear from 1 mth. Up to 2 yrs. after exposure.Some show no symptoms. Looks like cauliflower.
Diagnosed:May be detected with pap test. By looking at them.
Complications: Can cause cell changes that may be linked to cancer.
Treatment: HPV remains in your body.There is treatment for Genital Warts.

30. Cervical Cancer and Abnormal
Cervical Cells
Cervical cancer is not considered to be hereditary – it is caused by certain types of HPV.1,2
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in young Canadian women aged
Abnormal cervical cells are cells in the lining of the cervix that have changed in appearance. The more severe the abnormal cells, the more likely it is that cervical cancer can develop in the future.2
Cervical precancers usually have no symptoms.4
Remember, the Pap test is currently the most successful method of detecting abnormal cervical cells early and thus help prevent cervical cancer from developing.4

35. What is the HPV Vaccine For?
The vaccine helps protect against infection from HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 and the following diseases associated :1
- Cervical cancer
- Abnormal and precancerous cervical lesions
- Vaginal and vulvar cancers
- Abnormal and precancerous vaginal and vulvar lesions
- Genital warts
The vaccine helps prevent these diseases, but will not treat them.
The vaccine administered in the publicly funded program is GARDASIL®.

36. Who is the HPV Vaccine Intended For?
This vaccine is appropriate for girls and young women 9 through 26 years of age.1
The vaccine administered in the publicly funded program is GARDASIL® to Grade 6 and 9 girls.
Even after vaccination, it is still important to continue having regular Pap tests.

37. HIV/AIDS
Is a serious condition that reduces the body natural ability to fight disease.
Spread:HIV is present in body fluids. (blood, vagina secretions, semen).
S/S: none at first, may take months or years to develop.
Diagnosis: Blood Test.
Treatment: Medication is available.
There is no cure.

38. AIDS STATS: NL June 30, 2006 # HIV + Male Female 247 193 54
# AIDS Cases 90
# AIDS Deaths 65
HIV is preventable- No one should become infected today with HIV.

39. AIDS Epidemic
More than 36 million people in the world are living with HIV
3 million people have died from AIDS related illnesses.
Estimated 16,000 new infections daily
At the end of year 2000
By 2004, AIDS will be the number one killer in the world

40. Hepatitis B An infection of the liver caused by a virus.
Spread through infected body fluids such as blood,semen, and vaginal fluid.
Sometimes the infection goes away by itself or sometimes people carry the virus for the rest of their lives.
S/S- sometimes no symptoms.

41. Help Protect Yourself
Vaccination is possible against HPV and Hepatitis B
the most common strains that are associated with types:1
- Cervical cancer
- Abnormal and precancerous cervical lesions
- Vaginal and vulvar cancers
- Abnormal and precancerous vaginal and vulvar lesions
- Genital warts

42. How to Protect Yourself
Abstinence!!
Avoid Risky Behaviors.
Safer Sex:
Mutual Monogamy.
Latex Condom.
Get Tested.
Know the S/S.

43. Where to go from here… Guidance Counselor
School Public Health Nurse ( or
Family Doctor
AIDS Committee NL
NL Sexual Health Centre
Parents