1. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts Section 1: Acids, Bases, and pH Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Acids Bases pH Math Skills

2. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts Key Ideas 〉 What are the properties of acids? 〉 What are the properties of bases? 〉 How is pH related to the concentration of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in solution?

3. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts Bellringer Even if you have not studied acids and bases before, you may already know something about them. To tap into this knowledge, identify whether the following are acids or bases. (Hint: Acids and bases have chemical properties that are very different.) 1. Vinegar 2. Baking soda 3. Soap 4. Orange juice 5. Antacid tablets 6. Name one or two properties of acids. 7. Name one or two properties of bases.

4. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts SPS6.d Compare and contrast the components and properties of acids and bases.

5. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts SPS6.e Determine whether common household substances are acidic, basic, or neutral.

6. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts EQ: What are the components, properties and some common examples of acids and bases?

7. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts Acids What are the properties of acids?

8. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-1 Acids Acids taste sour, cause indicators to change color, and conduct electric current.

9. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-2 Acids They are also corrosive and can damage materials, including your skin.

10. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-3 Acids acid: any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions, H 3 O +, when dissolved in water

11. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-4 Acids indicator: a compound that can reversibly change color depending on conditions such as pH

12. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-5 Acids, continued Strong acids ionize completely.

13. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-6 Acids, continued Strong acids are strong electrolytes.

14. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-7 Acids, continued electrolyte: a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current

15. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-8 Acids, continued Weak acids do not ionize completely.

16. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-9 Acids, continued Weak acids are weak electrolytes.

17. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-10 Acids, continued Some common acids

18. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts Bases What are the properties of bases?

19. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-11 Bases 〉 Bases have a bitter taste, and solutions of bases feel slippery.

20. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-12 Bases 〉 Solutions of bases also conduct electric current, cause indicators to change color, and can damage the skin.

21. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-13 Bases base: any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions, OH –, when dissolved in water

22. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-14 Bases, continued Strong bases are ionic compounds that contain a metal ion and a hydroxide ion.

23. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-15 Bases, continued example: NaOH, sodium hydroxide NaOHNa + + OH –

24. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-16 Bases, continued Some bases ionize in water to form hydroxide ions. –example: ammonia, NH 3

25. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-17 Bases, continued Ammonia is a weak base because it ionizes partially, creating a small amount of ions.

26. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-18 Bases, continued Weak bases are weak electrolytes.

27. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-19 Bases, continued Some common bases

28. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts pH How is pH related to the concentration of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in solution?

29. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-20 pH The pH of a solution indicates its concentration of H 3 O + ions.

30. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-21 pH In solutions, the concentration of hydronium ions is related to the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH –.

31. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-22 pH The pH of a solution also indicates the concentration of OH – ions.

32. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-23 pH, continued pH: a value that is used to express the acidity or basicity of a system

33. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-24 pH, continued A pH value corresponds to the concentration of hydronium ions.

34. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-25 pH, continued Each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity.

35. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-26 pH, continued A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7.

36. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-27 pH, continued An acidic solution has a pH of less than 7.

37. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-28 pH, continued A basic solution has a pH of greater than 7.

38. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts pH, continued The pH Scale

39. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-29 pH, continued The pH is the negative of the power of 10 that is used to describe the concentration of H 3 O + ions.

40. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-30 pH, continued example: The concentration of H 3 O + of pure water is 1 × 10 –7 M. The pH of pure water is 7.

41. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-31 pH, continued pH is a base 10 logarithmic scale so each increase of one on the scale is really an increase of 10 times.

42. Section 1Acids, Bases, and Salts 9-1-32 pH, continued pH is measured by chemical indicators that change colors at certain pH’s and with electronic pH meters.