2. MEREALISASIKAN APLIKASI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

3. SILVER MEDAL WINNER ITEX 2005 Projek ini the memenangi pingat perak di Pameran Antarabangsa ITEX 2005 di PWTC Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia pada 19- 21 Mei 2005.

4. INTRODUCTION High acidity in water resources is most common in Malaysia especially in area where soils are of acid sulphate in nature. Acidity in water resource occurs when influent into local stream are of low pH, as low as 3. Other sources of acidified water resources originates from acid mining drainage ( AMD ). Presence of pyrite leaves high sulphate acid into both surface and subsurface water flows.

5. PROCESS OF ACID GENERATION Oxidation of pyrite by oxygen: sulfur is oxidized to sulfate and ferrous iron is released. 4 FeS 2 +15 O 2 + 14 H 2 O  4 Fe(OH) 3 + 8 H 2 SO 4 2 FeS 2 + 7 O 2 + 2 H 2 O  2 Fe 2+ + 4 SO 4 2- + 4 H + Ferrous iron is converted to ferric iron. Certain bacteria increase the rate of oxidation from ferrous to ferric iron. 4 Fe 2+ + O 2 + 4 H +  4 Fe 3+ + 2 H 2 O

6. Hydrolysis of iron: formation of ferric hydroxide (“yellow boy”) precipitate is pH dependant. (pH>3.5) 4 Fe 3+ + 12 H 2 O  4 Fe(OH) 3 + 12 H + Oxidation of additional pyrite by ferric iron. Note that ferric iron is generated in reaction steps 1 and 2. This is the cyclic and self-propagating part of the reaction and continues until either ferric iron or pyrite are depleted. FeS 2 + 14 Fe 3+ + 8 H 2 O  15 Fe 2+ + 2 SO 4 2- + 16 H + PROCESS OF ACID GENERATION

7. BACKGROUND Sungai Bekok which is located in the western part of the state of Johor, passing through the district of Batu Pahat, is the main source for raw water supply to the Sri Gading water treatment plant. 300,000 water consumers in the town of Batu Pahat frequently experienced long periods of water supply interruptions due to the poor raw water quality of too low pH value that cannot be treated in the Sri Gading water treatment plant. The acidity of the raw water is extremely high for normal economical water treatment processing. Thus, the water treatment capacity of the plant has to be reduced as the conventional liming, adding of calcium carbonate to bring down the acidity, no longer capable of improving the pH value. Pilot Raw Water Passive Treatment Construction for Acidified Soil

8. PROJECT CONTROL ACIDIFIED WATER RESOURCES AT SUNGAI BEKOK, BATU PAHAT, THROUGH ELECTRICAL DEIONIZATION PROF. Ir. Dr. AMIR HASHIM MOHD KASSIM, EN. MOHD NAZRI MOHIDEEN, LIANG KAH TAT, ISMAIL IBRAHIM (IBI)

9. RAW WATER PASSIVE TREATMENT SYSTEM HIGH ACIDITY H + SOIL WATER (LOW pH) ELECTRICAL DEIONISATION REDUCE H + (RAISE pH) ANIONIC LIME DRAINAGE REDUCE H + (RAISE pH) AND REMOVE HEAVY METALS NEUTRALISED RAW WATER ELECTRICAL ENERGY FODDER CROP

10. H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ e-e- e-e- Cathode Anode DEIONISATION PROCESS

11. ANOXIC LIMESTONE DRAINAGE ORGANIC SOIL LIMESTONES

12. RESULTS

13. CONCLUSION PROJECT BENEFIT FOR LIMESTONES WATER SUPPLY AGRICULTURE AQUACULTURE

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Pusat Penyelidekan, Perundingan dan Pembelajaran Berterusan, KUiTTHO Unit Teknologi Getah, Lembaga Getah Malaysia GBH Porcelain Sdn. Bhd. Glovett Sdn. Bhd. BJL Glove Sdn. Bhd. Bank Muamalat Malaysia Bhd. Euromedical Sdn. Bhd Baxter Healthcare Sdn. Bhd Ain Medicare Sdn. Bhd ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Pusat Penyelidekan, Perundingan dan Pembelajaran Berterusan, KUiTTHO Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Sekitar Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor Center for Environment, Construction and Transportation Studies KUiTTHO Pusat Kajian Tanah Lembut (RECESS) KUiTTHO Syarikat Air Johor Holding Berhad Ranhill Utilities Berhad Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Batu Pahat Jabatan Alam Sekitar Pejabat Daerah Batu Pahat