1. PTP 560 Research Methods – Week 13 Thomas Ruediger, PT

2. Next Thur. at 10:00 will have 55 questions.

3. Data Collection – What is/are your independent variable(s)? – What is/are your dependent variable(s)? – How are you going to analyze your data? – Produce a Data Collection Form! – Review it with a colleague

5. Data Management – Record your independent variable(s) – Record your dependent variable(s)b – Clean your data: enter same data twice then subtract to see if everything is zero – Manipulate your data as needed Reorganize/Sort Mathematically – Mass and height to BMI – Distance and speed to rate Mathematically transform – Negative inverse – Square root – etc – Product is a Data Summary Document (I like Excel) – Review it with a colleague

6. ID Age Sex (M=1, F=0) Height (0.5 cm) Mass (0.1 kg) BMI Finger girth (mm) SDL onset SDL onset2 SDL peak SDL peak2 FA onset FA onset2 FA peak FA peak2 AE-BE onset AE-BE onset2 AE-BE peak AE-BE peak2 Wrist-Amp1Wrist-Amp2 BE-Amp1BE-Amp2AE-Amp1AE-Amp2 140.9 1184.584.524.8532.092.062.882.695758 566967736421228967 234.9 0161.072.628.0452.092.032.742.686461636163 6460414423221713 332.2 016777.527.8461.912.032.432.55666861 73756160212718261421 433.5 1184.592.127.1501.972.032.722.786568606167736971364218191519 545.5 016679.328.8471.941.882.832.776663605762566460394824232118 627.8 0168.570.324.8412.002.062.892.956468595759567166455325301916 749.2 015249.921.6441.811.752.732.677374666867666263353714191413 831.9 016487.832.6441.81 2.342.2871726665545761 525128292324 928.4 1186.599.428.6502.222.252.702.7362 63655860636833231113610 22.6 1183.59628.5522.162.192.822.8565 626064616365393320191815 1124.3 0163.558.822.0421.972.032.852.9161606971667056585560262422 1236.2 0171.570.924.1421.911.972.452.51666566636668788051 2925119 1321.1 1189.512835.5531.972.062.562.6560 58576761696627 1211109 1442.1 0165.591.933.6511.911.972.402.4671 6768737566675052232721 1530.3 1164.571.926.6451.811.912.302.40626473706158605845 25232018 1634.4 016864.422.8451.911.942.462.49676865 67 6365364515181517 45.1 0161.561.923.7401.811.842.442.475662565963 665947 211915 1818.3 1179.585.626.6512.031.912.602.4864636265676971741821911810 1925.6 117812037.7551.691.752.172.236867 6661 57593134151211 2019.1 118489.626.5481.78 2.38 676661 80 7073494112151415

7. Searching the Literature – Index Medicus in the old days (by hand) – Electronic now – Pubmed/PEDro/CINAHL/Cochrane ………… – http://www.hookedonevidence.com http://www.hookedonevidence.com – Open Door (Let’s use some Boolean Logic) http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Research&Te mplate=/MembersOnly.cfm&ContentID=32251 – Use your Research Librarian!

8. Writing a Research Proposal – Title – Abstract – Statement of Research Problem – Purpose Statement – Background – Method-(what you did) Subjects Materials Procedures (Chronological Sequence) Data Management – Discussion: why u did, what u did. – Cited Literature – Documentation for Informed Consent

9. Writing a Research Proposal – Budget With justification (why are you spending it) Feasibility check If seeking funds, source wants to know – Resources and Environment – Personnel Education Certification Research record

10. Reporting the Results Select a Journal – Who do you want to know about your results? – Can you publish there? – What are the Journal’s priorities? Structure – Title – Abstract – Introduction – Method Design Subject selection Subjects description Measurements Data analysis procedures – Results Emphasize the variables of interest in narrative – Discussion: why we saw what we saw. – Results – Cited Literature

11. Reporting the Results Writing Style – People first People with…. – Suggest active voice Exceptions – When it distracts from the event being reported – Calling unnecessary attention to the authors – Pt. did, We did, the results showed instead of = “I did” – Subject, verb, object, period with citation. – Keep it simple, not flowery

12. Evaluating the Results Validity of the study – Want to know validity, to know if it is useful for the patient. – Who were the subjects? – Can the results be generalized ? Importance of the intervention effects – Statistically significant? – MCID? Clinically important. – If negative, was power reported Can I use it for my patient? – Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) Alternative to systematic Review Popular to summarize literature on focused clinical questions

13. Truth Determinants of power? 1. Effect Size (INC) 2. Sample Size (INC) 3. Variance (DEC) 4. Alpha Level (INC) Fail to reject H o Saying there is no difference α Type I error 1- β Power β Type II error H o is true: There is No Difference Reject H o Saying there is a difference H o is False Is a difference Decision Saying there is a difference when none exists Error Free: Correctly finding a difference Saying there is no difference when one exists Error Free: Correctly finding no difference