1. Are you ready? Don’t forget plates also!
Integument Review
Are you ready?
Don’t forget plates also!

2. Apocrine VS Eccrine 1. Eccrine duct to pore on surface 2. Apocrine
Ducts empty into hair follicles
Associated with pheromones in underarm & pubic areas

3. Cause of a suntan
Melanocytes make melanin in response to UV exposure

4. Characteristics of papillary layer
Top part of dermis
Projections called dermal papillae
Pain receptors
Touch receptors
Blood vessels

5. Complications of 3rd degree burn
Associated dangers
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Circulatory shock

6. Function of sebum Oil made by sebaceous glands
- Lubricant for skin
- Kills bacteria
Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles

7. Functions of skin Protects deeper tissues prevents desiccation
helps in heat regulation
Makes vit D
Excretion of waste

8. How are fingernails made?
Scale-like modifications of epidermis
Heavily keratinized
Stratum basale under nail bed
- Responsible for growth

9. How does body cool off

10. Layers of hair & how produced
Cuticle – outside; transparent; heavily keratinized; scaly; gives elasticity & resiliency
Cortex – middle; rope-like proteins; if exposed – moisture loss, unravel, split ends
Medulla – inside; support structure

11. Male pattern baldness results from what body chemicals?
Scientific name for baldness – Alopecia

12. Order of epidermis strata layers

13. Parts of a fingernail Free edge Body Root of nail
Eponychium – proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body

14. Rules of Nines Way to determine the extent of burns
Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate
Each area represents ~ 9%

15. Medical terms: bedsores, cancer, bruise, redness
Decubitus ulcer
Melanoma
Hematoma
Erythema

16. Skin problems caused by
Virus
Fungus
Bacteria
Allergies
Inflammation of sebaceous glands
Inflammation of hair follicle
Cold sores
Athlete’s foot
Boil or Impetigo
Contact Dermatitis
Acne
Boil

17. 4 types of membranes & examples
Cutaneous membrane - skin
Mucous membrane – inside mouth
Serous membrane – covering organs
Synovial membrane – certain joints

18. 3 pigments of skin color Melanin Yellow, brown or black Carotene
Orange-yellow from vegetables
Hemoglobin
Red from blood cells in dermis
Oxygen content determines redness

19. Tissue type of external skin layer
Epidermis –
outer layer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Often keratinized

20. Visceral vs parietal Words to describe each layer of serous membranes
V – on organs
P – lining outer wall

21. Pleura, pericardium, vs. peritoneum
Peritoneum - Abdominal cavity
Pleura - Around the lungs
Pericardium - Around the heart

22. What are dermal papillae?
Projections called dermal papillae in Papillary layer of dermis
Fingerprints

23. Melanoma mole looks like
A = Asymmetry
Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity
Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter

24. What is composition of sweat
Mostly water
Some metabolic waste
Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)

25. What’s happening in each stratum?
1. Stratum basale
Cells undergoing mitosis
Lies next to dermis
2. Stratum spinosum
connections to adjacent cells
3. Stratum granulosum
granules of keratin
4. Stratum lucidum
Occurs only in thick skin
5. Stratum corneum
 Shingle-like dead cells

26. What is keratin, where is it found
Waterproof protein
Added by Stratum granulosum
Found in hair, nails, skin

27. What is melanin, where is it found
Pigment made by melanocytes in stratum basale
Found in skin and hair
Protects nucleus from UV

28. Mucous membrane location
Body cavities that open to the outside

29. Where are the three kinds of dermal receptors found?
Free nerve endings
In dermal papillae
Meissner’s corpuscles
In dermal papillae.
Pacinian corpuscles
In reticular layer

30. Which kind of membrane is all connective tissue
Synovial
Membrane

31. Which layer(s) has no blood supply

32. Which layer(s) insulate(s)

33. Which receptors are for pain (temp), touch, pressure?
Free nerve endings
pain
Meissner’s corpuscles
touch
Pacinian corpuscles
pressure