1. Phrases
A quick review… if you really don’t remember any of this, please see me for individual help.

2. Appositives Verbal Infinitive Gerunds PHRASES Prepositional
ADJ
ADV
Participial
Infinitive
Gerunds
Present
Past

3. Prepositional Phrases
Consists of a preposition, its object and any words that modify the object
Prepositions = anywhere a mouse can go or an eagle can fly
About before during off toward
Above behind except on under
Across below for out underneath
After beneath from outside until
Against beside in over unto
Along between inside past up
At of to with (within, without)
Around but like into upon
As by near throughout

4. The object of a preposition is always a noun
Ex: Basketball was first played with real baskets.
Preposition: with Object: baskets
Phrase: with real baskets

5. Prep phrases can be used as either adjectives or adverbs.
Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns
Adjectives tell you what kind, how many, which one, or how much
Ex: The original rules of the game were written in 1982
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Adverbs (party invitations) tell you why, how, where, when, or to what extent.
Early hoops were constructed of peach baskets

6. Appositive Phrases
A noun or pronoun that renames another noun or pronoun.
The phrase is that noun and all of its modifiers
Be careful: appositive phrases DO NOT HAVE VERBS- then it’s a clause!

7. Two Types of Appositives
Non-Essential: adds extra information
Set off by commas
Ex: Luke Skywalker, my hero, carries a blue lightsaber during the first two movies.
His name is more specific than his status in my life, so you don’t need to know the status
Essential: needed to make meaning of sentence complete
No commas
Ex: The movie Star Wars is a classic that you should all see and memorize.
Lots of movies on a shelf - which one’s a classic?

8. Infinitive Phrases A type of verbal phrase
It’s a word that usually is used as a verb that’s being used in another way
Infinitives ALWAYS begin with “to”
Be Careful! “to” is ALSO a preposition. An infinitive will have a verb following “to”, while a prep phrase will not.

9. Infinitive or Preposition?
My goal is to work out everyday.
I must submit the paper to the teacher.
To draw the picture, I needed a pencil.
I needed a pencil, so I went to the store.
ALWAYS note the word following “to” and make sure you have correctly identified the phrase.

10. Any questions? Tonight’s homework: Mixed review worksheet.
Please, please see me if you don’t remember this. It will continue to be a problem for you for the rest of the semester.