2. Europeans Claim Muslim Land

3. Ottoman Empire Steady decline 300 yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation 1830’s – Greek Independent Serbia Balkans

4. Geopolitics Def – Taking land for strategic location Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black Sea) Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula

5. Crimean War (1854-1856) Britain and France joined Ottomans Russians Lose Ottomans still weak and losing land Russians aided Slavic people in Independence

6. Great Game War Waged over India Britain and Russia Afghanistan – Center of Struggle 1881 – GB withdrew from Afg. 1921 – GB not beyond Khybar Pass Soviets – Nonaggression pact with Afg. 1979 – Soviets invaded Afg.

7. Egypt Muhammad Ali – Broke away from Ottomans 1831 – Gained control of Syria and Arabia Reforms in military and economics Cash crop – Cotton  Instead of food crops

8. Suez Canal Isma’il – Construction of Connect Red Sea and Mediterranean Built w/ French $ Opened in 1869 – Still in debt  Could not pay British insist to take over canal 1882 – British Occupy Egypt

9. Persia Russia and GB compete for Persian ruler started to allow businesses to buy right to operate in certain areas Ex. Anglo-Persian Oil Co.  Rich oil Fields in Persia Tobacco in Persia 1890 – Persian ruler sold concession to export tobacco Tobacco Boycott – Unrest 1907 – Russia and GB took and divided into Spheres of Influence

10. Imperialism Seizure of a country by a stronger country --> Search for new raw materials, new markets, etc.

11. British In India

12. A Tamil tea picker on Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), early 20th century. Tea pickers harvested the green tea leaves which were then fermented to produce black tea, the quintessential drink of the British Empire (which controlled Ceylon). The harvesting methods shown here are basically unchanged today.

13. British East India Company Ruled India Own Army – British and Sepoys India – “Jewel in the crown” Must produce raw materials Must buy British goods No Indian competition with British goods Railroads helped Goods – Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium

14. Impact on India (Bad) British held political and economic power British restricted Indian-owned industries Cash crop – Hurt self-sufficiency Reduce food production  Famine Racism threatened way of life

15. Impact on India (Good) 3 rd largest RR  India = modern economy Road network Telephone lines, dams, bridges, etc. Sanitation and public health Schools and colleges

16. Sepoy Mutiny 1857 – Indians rebel Cartridges with beef and pork fat  Hindus (cows sacred), Muslims (don’t eat pork) Did not accept cartridges  Put in jail  rebelled  marched to Delhi  Captured city  Spread Took Brit E. Ind Co. 1 year to recover

17. Hindus and Muslims split Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule 1858 – British took direct control of India Raj – British Rule over India from 1757- 1947

18. Nationalism in India Ram Mohun Roy – Modern thinker, wanted modernization Must change, or will always be ruled Didn’t want 2 nd class in own country

19. Nationalist Groups Indian National Congress – 1885 Muslim League – 1906 Called for Self-government British divided Hindu and Muslim (Partition of Bengal) Terrorism

20. Imperialism in SE Asia

21. This photo shows US troops guarding a group of captured Filipino insurgents in the early stages of the Philippine-American War of 1899-1913, in which over 4300 American soldiers, 16,000 Filipino soldiers, and between 250,000 and 1 million civilians died before the US crushed the insurgency and retained its colonial hold on the islands.

22. Russian engraving of a tattooed Polynesian warrior. Russia was one of the "Western" powers, along with Britain, the US and France, with interests in the Pacific, home of the Polynesian peoples.

23. The middle of the nineteenth century saw a tremendous boom in whaling as the industrialized world scoured the world for new energy sources, including oil processed from whales. This American whale chart, from about 1850, locates those places in the world's oceans where whales had been successfully hunted.

25. Dutch East India Company Control over Indonesian Islands Expanded  Made Indonesia home

26. British Control Singapore – Malayan Peninsula, Burma  Encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia

27. French Indochina Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia Rice

28. Germans Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands

29. United States Philippines Took from Spanish

30. Siam (Thailand) Remained Independent – Neutral zone b/w French and British Modernized itself Started schools, reform legal system, built railroads, ended slavery