1. PCD
Objective 6.01
Understand the physical, emotional, and social development and care of children
ages 3-6.

2. Physical characteristics of children ages 3-6
Growth in height
2 ½-3 in. per yr
Boys slightly taller than girls
Weight gain
4-5 lbs. per yr
Boys slightly heavier than girls

3. Con’t… Posture and body shape Becomes straighter and slimmer
Stomach flattens
Holds shoulders back and upper body more erect
Chest broadens and flattens with improved abdominal strength

4. Con’t… Legs lengthen rapidly Neck becomes longer
growing stronger and firmer
Neck becomes longer
Balance and coordination improved
Holds arms near body when walking

5. Dressing: Encourage to dress themselves.
Allow child to make clothing choices
Fabric should be comfortable
Allow room for growth
Choose items that allows child to easily distinguish front and back
Choose economic clothing (not too expensive) because they outgrow it so soon
Consider appropriateness for the occasion and activity for both clothing and shoes

6. Dressing Themselves: Remember safety
no loose cords
no name on outside of clothes
Group identification may become important
Flame-resistant pajamas

7. Grooming: Children are less interested in bathing than as a toddler.
Praise can encourage the child to continue good hygiene habits

8. Eating Right Proper nutrition is important
Helps body meet growth needs and resist infections.
Important for adults to model good nutritional behavior
Modeling teaches child to do the same.
Choose good snacks
Low in salt, fat, sugar and calories.
Balance calorie intake with physical activity.

9. Going to the Bathroom: Enuresis causes accidents
bedwetting, accidents that occur in response to emotional or physical problems
By 4th birthday, most children have few accidents
Accidents usually occur because child is concentrating on current activity

10. Bed-time Sleeping By age 4 afternoon nap is given up
Most children need hours of sleep in a day
Bedtime routine is still important

11. Teeth
Permanent teeth
The set of lifelong teeth that will replace primary teeth begin to grow.
Total set=32 teeth.
Six-year molars
1st permanent teeth to appear
Teeth lost in the same order they came in,
2 lower teeth 1st followed by the 2 upper front teeth

12. Care of teeth
Regular teeth brushing and flossing is an important habit to encourage
Dentists recommend parents assist the child with handling the toothbrush until age of five
Regular dental checkups, to clean teeth and check for decay, are important

13. Motor skills--- 3 year olds
Gross:
Jumps up and down in place with both feet
Catches a ball with arms straight
Rides a tricycle
Fine:
Stacks 9 or 10 blocks
Screws lids on and off containers
Draws circles horizontal and vertical lines

14. Motor Skills – 4 year old Gross: Fine: Hops on one foot
Throws ball overhand
Alternates feet walking up and down stairs
Walks backward easily
Fine:
Dresses and undresses self
Cuts on line with scissors
Copies a circle and a cross

15. Motor Skills ---5 year old
Gross:
Turns somersaults
Skips with alternating feet
Balances on each foot for short period
Fine:
Draws a person with head, body, arms, and legs
Prints some letters
Buttons clothing
Copies a triangle and a square
Uses spoon and fork to eat, but still uses fingers for some foods

16. Motor Skills ---6 year old
Gross Motor:
Can ride a two-wheel bicycle with training wheels
Jumps rope
Throws and catches a ball with more ease and accuracy
(also requires fine motor skills and good hand-eye coordination)
Fine Motor Skills:
Cuts, pastes, and colors skillfully
Writes entire words
Ties shoes

17. Activity #1
Goal:
To give you an idea of what it is like for preschooler to write using their fine motor skills.

18. I know my A, B, C’s Directions:
You will be using your LESS dominant hand to write your name and letters of the alphabet.
For example:
I am left handed so that is my DOMINANT hand, so my LESS DOMINANT would be my right hand.
Use your own paper to write all of the letters of the alphabet.
How does this compare to the physical development of a child learning to write.

19. Emotional characteristics of children 3-6:
Learning to be cooperative and considerate
More physically capable so less frustrated
More willing to take directions from others
Modifies behavior to win praise and acceptance
Loves to talk and talks to everyone and everything
Can be reasoned with and controlled by words

20. Emotional characteristics of children 3-6:
Quite self-centered
Can be defiant (rebellious)
Impatient
Loud
Bossy with other children and adults
Other times very loving and affectionate because they need and seek approval
Wants to see himself/herself as separate from parents
Vocabulary and language skills show great improvement over toddlers
Test out the sound of words
Active imagination leads to fears

21. Emotional characteristics of children 3-6:
Views himself/herself as a whole person, with a body, mind, and feelings
Eager to explore the outer world, but may be fearful of unfamiliar people, places, experiences
Emotionally impulsive
Want to get up and walk around anytime they wish
Strangeness is a fear when they go to kindergarten
Strange people, strange places
Empathy for others

22. Emotional characteristics of children 3-6:
Period of emotional turmoil
Crave praise and approval
Easily hurt and disturbed
Often stubborn and quarrelsome
At their worst with their own parents
Resent being given directions
1st response likely to be “No!”
Experience rapid mood changes
Beginning to feel a deep feeling of happiness and joy
leading to appreciation of more activities
Can enjoy music or dance lessons and organized sports

23. Activity #2 Preschool Scenarios
Directions:
Cut three 4” circles from construction paper,
1 red
1 green
1 black
Write these words on the following colors:
Red represents anger
Green=jealousy
Black=fear
You may draw appropriate facial expressions on the circles.
Teacher will read some scenarios that may happen in preschool.
Close your eyes as you listen and hold up the circle that represents the emotion you think the child might be feeling.
When I tell you to, open your eyes.
Raise your hand with the corresponding circle color in your hand.
After all hands are raised I will tell you to open your eyes.
Be prepared to explain your choices.

24. Activity #3 Cartoon Drawing
Sketch-to-Stretch a cartoon that depicts a child either 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Or choose a magazine picture
Have the cartoon depict the child expressing one of the following:
Anger
Fear
Jealousy
AND
The child’s caregiver responding to the child in a manner that encourages and boosts self-esteem.
Write a CAPTION underneath the picture
two-sentence summary of what is happening
Sample on next slide

25. David makes me so angry when it’s his turn on the jungle gym.
Ryan, I love it when you wait quietly for your turn on the jungle gym. That is so nice of you to wait patiently because you know we all have to wait our turn.
David makes me so angry when it’s his turn on the jungle gym.

26. Social characteristics of children:
3 year old:
People are important
Cooperative play
Work in small groups
Parents are not all-powerful in the child’s social lives
Seek friends on their own
Prefer some children over others

27. 4 year old Form friendships with playmates
Spend more time in cooperative play
Play in groups of three or four sharing toys and taking turns
Bossy and inconsiderate, so fights may break out
Family is still more important than friends
Constantly seek approval
If things go wrong, they look to parents and caregivers for comfort

28. 5 year old Outgoing and talkative Can play in groups of five or six
Play is complex (harder, more difficult)
Fights break out less frequently
Quarreling results in name-calling and wild threats
Develop more respect for others’ belongings
Social acceptance from peers becomes more important
Concerned about what friends say and do
Do not want to be thought different; they fear ridicule (when someone mocks you, making fun)

29. 6 year old
Social relations are characterized by frictions, threats and stubbornness
Want everything, and want to do things their way
Friends are usually of the same sex, but play readily in mixed groups
Enjoy group and organized teams
When they tire of play, they simply drop out of a game
Have no regard for team effort

30. Any questions???

31. Activity #4 Motor Skill’s Picture scramble
Directions:
Using provided magazines, cut out 6 pictures that show children ages 3-6 performing a motor skills.
After you have cut out 6 pictures, separate into 2 groups: FINE OR GROSS
After you have separated your pictures, I need you to find your partner and scramble up your 6 pictures and SWITCH pictures with your partner.
See if your partner can figure out which of your pictures are fine or gross…..remember, don’t tell your answers!!!
Once both partners have got the pictures correct, you will then glue the pictures into the correct column on the poster.

32. Activity #5 Be creative -- Show me your talent!
Create a flyer or poster that could be placed in a pediatric dental or Doctor’s office to inform parents of proper life skills care for children ages 3-6, in one of the following areas:
Self-Dressing or
Happy Mealtimes

33. Posture and Body Shape Directions:
Select a partner and read each characteristic of posture and body shape of children ages three through six.
As you read a characteristic, have your partner demonstrate the characteristic with his/her body.
Discuss the difference between your body as a teen and a three- to six-year-old’s body.
Body becomes straighter and slimmer
Stomach flattens
Holds shoulders back, upper body more erect
Chest broadens and flattens with improved abdominal strength
Legs lengthen rapidly, growing stronger and firmer
Neck becomes longer
Balance and coordination improves
Holds arms near body when walking

34. Hints for Self-Dressing
Elastic waistbands
Large neck openings on pullovers
Buttons on front
Big pull tabs on zippers
Designs that child can easily distinguish front from back
Hook-and-loop tape fasteners
Comfortable fabric
Allow room for growth
Economic clothing
Appropriateness for the occasion
Durable fabric and construction
Safety Hints
No loose cords
Flame resistant pajamas
No names on outside of clothing

35. Happy Mealtimes Make mealtimes enjoyable and pleasant
Make portions small
Cut food into bite-sized pieces
Pour small amounts of liquid into a cup
Try new foods one at a time
Prepare finger foods that are easy-to-eat
Take food away when finished
Use eating equipment that is easy for child to grasp
Praise successes
Do not laugh at or scold mishaps
Serve nutritious foods low in salt, fat, sugar and calories
Parent should model good nutrition behavior so child will do the same

36. 5 Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4
I know my A, B, C’s
Write with less dominant hand
Activity #2
Preschool Scenarios
FEAR, ANGER, JEALOUSY
Activity #3
Cartoon Drawing
Activity #4
Motor Skill’s Picture scramble
Activity #5
Poster/Flyer for Dr. or Dental Office

37. Test Objective 6.01
Study:
Notes
Key Terms
Chapter 13
MiTiReLa

38. Flame-resistant Defiant Tetanus Pertussis (whooping cough)
Key terms -- word bank
Immunizations Polio
Ridicule Hepatitis B
Measles Enuresis
6-year molars Decay
Flame-resistant Defiant
Tetanus Pertussis (whooping cough)
Coordination Mumps
Hand-eye coordination Permanent Teeth
Gross motor Diphtheria
Fine motor Rubella (German measles)