1. SOUTH ASIA II (CHAPTER 8: 394-425)

2. KEY CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO THE REALM CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES FORWARD CAPITAL ISLAMABAD IRREDENTISM PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN RELATED TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN FEDERAL SYSTEM ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947 PROVIDES REGIONS AND PEOPLES WITH SOME AUTONOMY AND IDENTITY

3. MUSLIMS IN INDIA 1931 1951 1991

4. RELIGIOUS CONTRASTS ISLAM Monotheistic No idols One sacred book Uniform dogma - 5 pillars Intolerant (of other religions) Eat beef/Sacrifice cows Bury Dead Social Equality (in theory) Theocratic society HINDUISM Polytheistic Many idols Various sacred writings Varying beliefs Absorbed other religions Venerate cows Burn dead (& alive) Caste separation “State” of secondary importance

5. KASHMIR INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION JAMMU & KASHMIR FACED WITH THE CHOICE OF JOINING EITHER HINDU INDIA OR MUSLIM PAKISTAN KASHMIR – HINDU MAHARAJA BUT MUSLIM POPULATION 1947 – PAKISTANI TRIBESMEN INVADE MAHARAJA FLEES TO DELHI AND ACCEDES TO INDIA INDIAN TROOPS MOVE IN – PAKISTANI REFULARS JOIN IN JANUARY 1949 – U.N. CEASE FIRE 1980-88 MUSLIM EXTREMISTS CONTINUE INSURGENCY

6. West Pakistan East Pakistan India PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION)

7. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY THE SPATIAL VIEW OF DEMOGRAPHY STUDY OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, COMPOSITION, RATES OF GROWTH, AND PATTERNS OF FLOW POPULATION DENSITY (INDIA) ARITHMETIC- 904/sq mi PHYSIOLOGIC- 1,615/sq mi (US=415/sq mi) KEY MEASURES RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE DOUBLING TIME

8. INDIA JAPAN 70 + 60- 69 50-59 40- 49 30- 39 10-19 0-9 AGE MALEFEMALE MALEFEMALE 20100 20 301503015 Percent of Population POPULATION PROFILES 20-29

9. 265 22 42 874 7.6 176 53 52 82 865 341 315 36 0 200 4006008001000 People per square mile Europe Russia North America Japan Middle America South America N. Africa/S.W. Asia Subsaharan Africa South Asia Southeast Asia Europe Russia North America Japan Austral Middle America South America N. Africa/S.W. Asia Subsaharan Africa South Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Pacific POPULATION DENSITY World Average = 117/mi 2 Realm

10. POPULATION DENSITY

11. POPULATION GROWTH

13. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL

14. 133,000,000 50,300 2,644 people/ sq mile UNITED STATES 77 people/ sq mile POPULATION DENSITY COMPARISON United States - Bangladesh BANGLADESH

15. GREEN REVOLUTION THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER YIELD, FAST-GROWING VARIETIES OF RICE AND OTHER CEREALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM-1960s FOCUSED ON THE FOOD CRISES INCREASED PRODUCTION PER UNIT AREA VIA: MIRACLE CROPS NEW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS INTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS

16. TARGETED AREAS

17. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (INDIA) LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) A MIXTURE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE FARMING AND MODERN AGRICULTURE HANDICRAFTS, OLD AND NEW BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY A MULTITUDE OF SUPPORT SERVICES AND NUCLEAR POWER

18. INDIA’S GREAT CITIES MUMBAI (BOMBAY)- 19.4 MILLION ACHIEVED “PRIMACY” BASED ON ITS SITUATION (SUEZ CANAL) KOLKATA (CALCUTTA)- 13.5 MILLION 500,000 HOMELESS FORMER BRITISH COLONIAL CAPITAL- 1772 ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PARTITION DELHI (NEW AND OLD)- 13.6 MILLION BRITISH AND INDIAN SEAT OF GOVERNMENT

19. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (BANGLADESH) LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) ONE OF THE WORLD’S POOREST AND LEAST DEVELOPED STATES ECONOMY IS OVERWHELMINGLY AGRICULTURAL CULTIVATION OF RICE IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IN THE ECONOMY.

20. BANGLADESH INDEPENDENT SINCE 1971 FORMERLY EAST PAKISTAN 85% MUSLIM, 12% HINDU 133 MILLION PEOPLE PHYSIOLOGIC DENSITY = 3,622/sq mi 1.9% ANNUAL GROWTH RATE PER CAPITA GNP = 350 US DOLLARS NATURAL HAZARDS - CYCLONES

21. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (PAKISTAN) LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) A POOR COUNTRY THAT SUPPORTS A LARGE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION BEGAN IN 1990 TO BOOST FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC PRIVATE INVESTMENT.

22. SRI LANKA INDEPENDENT SINCE 1948 19.7 MILLION PEOPLE (70% BUDDHISTS) PLANTATION AGRICULTURE: TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS SOUTH (MAJORITY OF POPULATION) ARYAN BUDDHISTS SPEAK SINHALA (INDO-EUROPEAN) NORTH (18% OF THE POPULATION) DRAVIDIAN HINDU TAMIL LANGUAGE

23. Sinhalese vs Tamils Tamils - demanded equal rights in: -- education -- employment -- landownership -- linguistic & political representation Insurgent State LTTE - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam SRI LANKA

24. SOUTH ASIA II (CHAPTER 8: 394-425)