1. CountryMen mobilizedKilledWounded POW’s + missing Total casualties casualties in % of men mobilized Russia12 million1.7mill4.9mill2.5mill9.15mill76.3 France8.4 mill1.3mill4.2mill537,0006.1mill73.3 GB + Empire8.9mill908,0002mill191,0003.1mill35.8 Italy5.5mill650,000947,000600,0002.1mill39 USA4.3mill126,000234,0004,500350,0008 Japan800,000300900312100.2 Romania750,000335,000120,00080,000535,00071 Serbia700,00045,000133,000153,000331,00047 Belgium267,00013,80045,00034,50093,00035 Greece230,000500021,000100027,00012 Portugal100,000722213,70012,00033,00033 Total Allies42million5 million13million4 million22million52% Germany11million1.7million4.2million1.1million7.1million65 Austria7.8million1.2million3.6million2.2million7 million90 Turkey2.8million325,000400,000250,000975,00034 Bulgaria1.2million87,000152,00027,000266,00022 Total Central Powers 22.8mill3.3million8.3million3.6million15 million67 Grand Total65 million8.5mill21million7.7mill37million57%

2. A Flawed Peace: Versailles

3. The Allies Meet and Debate January 18, 1919 Conference held at the Palace of Versailles, France “Paris Peace Conference” Delegates of 32 countries attend Vigorous, bitter debate

4. Versailles 1919 The Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

5. “Lasting Peace” What is the difference between an armistice and a peace treaty? What do you believe the goals of the Paris Peace Conference should be? Who should attend?

6. Major Decisions: “The Big Four” David Lloyd George: Great Britain George Clemenceau: France Woodrow Wilson: United States Vittorio Orlando: Italy Not Represented: Russia (Civil War) Germany & Its Allies

7. The Task The Allied powers meet to decide on the key points surrounding the First World War. Who caused the war? Who is to pay for the war? What is to become of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire? Each of the “Big Four” must make decisions on the “areas of concern”. The Conference must negotiate a final compromise for the official end to the “Great War”

8. Wilson’s Plans for Peace January 1918 (war still rages)- Wilson drafts a peace proposal 14 Points: End to secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Reduced national armies and navies Adjustment of colonial claims with fairness towards colonial people Changing of borders & creation of new nations based on self- determination League of Nations

9. Terms of the Treaty June 28, 1919 Allies had continued naval blockade of Germany after the armistice to force acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles Germany punished: Loss of territory Severe restrictions on military “war guilt” clause Reparations Loss of colonies- created into League Mandates

11. The Creation of New Nations Austria- Hungary Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

12. The Creation of New Nations Ottoman Empire: Turkey Palestine Iraq Transjordan Syria Lebanon

13. The Creation of New Nations Russia: Romania Poland Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania

14. A Peace Built on Quicksand US rejects treaty Germany bitter and resentful Colonies were angry at lack of independence Japan/ Italy gained less than hoped League of Nations weak Disarmament collective security negotiation diplomacy improving global welfare lacked an armed force of its own depended on the Great Powers to enforce its resolutions Legacy of treaty plunges world into another catastrophic war