1. Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th
How could a sandwich be responsible for starting World War I? Answer in 3-4 sentences.

2. Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th
If you go back through history, you find that time
and time again the huge changes that shape our
world today all hinged on some utterly random
coincidence. Change it, and the entire course of
history changes with it.

3. Warm-Up: Friday, March 9th
The spark that ignited World War I started with the assassination of
an Austrian Archduke named Franz Ferdinand, kicking off a domino
effect of events that left millions dead. You may not know, however,
that what knocked over that first domino was a sandwich.
There was this guy named Gavrilo Princip. He was a Bosnian student
and guerrilla, part of a group called the Black Hand. Sounds like the evil
organization of images that secretly controls the world, right?
Unfortunately, it was something a lot less awesome: a Slavic
independence group. They really hated Franz Ferdinand.
Let's make sure to clear this up: Gavrilo Princip very much wanted to
assassinate Uncle Franz. It was how it happened that was so random

4. The Black Hand had crafted an intricate assassination plot, which basically consisted
of, "just kill this him somehow." Unfortunately, as is always true with intricate
assassination plots, something went wrong.
When Franz's motorcade passed by the assassins, one of the group, a guy named
Nedeljko Cabrinovic, lobbed a grenade at the motorcade. The problem was he was
using an unreliable 1914 grenade, so it took 10 seconds to detonate, and by then
Franz was out of range. The unlucky fools in the car behind them bit it instead,
and the assassins dispersed in the chaos. Cabrinovic took a cyanide pill that failed to
kill him and jumped into a three foot river to "drown" himself. Franz and his party, it
seemed, were safe. But Franz was not yet done putting his life in insane danger.
Against the advice of pretty much everyone, he insisted on going to the hospital to visit
the people who were injured by the grenade. The driver, unfortunately, had no idea
where the he was going. They ended up crisscrossing hilariously through the streets
where, you guessed it, Gavrilo Princip was enjoying a post-failed-assassination
Sandwich outside a café on Franz Josef Street.After the obligatory pause of
dumbfounded luck, Princip grabbed his pistol and turned the tide of history.

5. And How Did it Change The World?
First, WWI broke out ...

6. Then there was the post-war economic failure

7. ... Which was part of the reason Germany actually elected

8. Who caused...

9. Which ended in

10. M A N I Causes of World War I - MANIA
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

11. Imperialism: European conquest of Africa

12. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Causes of WWI - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

13. Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Great Britain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Russia
Italy

14. Causes of WWI - Nationalism

15. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries
Germanic Countries
Austria *
Belgium
Denmark
Iceland
Germany *
Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland *
United Kingdom
* = German speaking country

18. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

19. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

20. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

21. The “Spark”

22. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

23. Causes of WWI - Assassination

24. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

25. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

26. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

27. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

28. Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Germany
Great Britain
World War I
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
Italy

29. American Neutrality
· Officially, the U.S. was a neutral country.
· However, we traded food, weapons, oil, steel, and other goods far more with the Allied Powers than with the Central Powers.

30. · Both the Allied Powers and Central powers used propaganda in order to support their cause by making their enemies seem savage.

31. Freedom of the Seas
· The U.S., as a neutral nation, claimed the right to trade with either side in the war.
· However, Britain and Germany set up blockades around the British and German coasts.

32. · German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.

33. A German U-boat Torpedoes a Steamer, circa 1916

35. · In 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, killing approximately 1,200 people, including 128 Americans.

36. · Americans were infuriated with the destruction of the Lusitania.

38. Moving Toward War Zimmermann telegram:
– secret message from Germany to Mexico urging Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany
– Germany promised to help Mexico regain land it lost to the U.S. in the Mexican War.
* The U.S. declared war on the Central Powers in 1917.

39. (above) Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico, 01/19/1917 (right) decoded words

40. Zimmermann Telegram: Decoded Message

41. Mexico was offered material aid in the reclamation of territory lost during the Mexican-American War, specifically the American states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

42. Now this is what you call a World War!
Allied – Green -
Central – Orange -
Review of all:

43. The Selective Service Act was passed by Congress on May 18, 1917.
When the US first entered WWI, the total size of the US army was around 110,000. Three weeks after war was declared, only 32,000 had volunteered for service.
All males aged were required to register for military service. (The age limit was later changed to include all men aged )
By the end of WWI, some 24 mil. men had registered, and some 2.8 mil. had been drafted. More than half of the almost 4.8 mil. Americans who served in the armed forces were drafted.
The WWI draft had a high success rate, with less than 350,000 men ”dodging” the draft.

44. GA’s Role in WWI
Between 85,000 to 100,000 Georgians joined the US armed forces.
Many soldiers around the SE came to GA for training at one of our many training facilities: 1.) Camp Benning, 2.) Fort McPherson, 3.) and Camp Gordon.
Georgians on the home-front created uniforms, grew additional food (“liberty gardens”), sold war bonds, and worked for the Red Cross. GA railroads played a key role in transporting arms, ammunition, and soldiers to GA ports for sail to Europe.
Over 3,000 Georgians gave their lives to this war.
100,000+ American servicemen died in total.

45. The end of World War I
January 1918, President Woodrow Wilson issued his “Fourteen Points”
on which he hoped the treaty ending the war would be based.
His 14th Point called for the founding of an organization called the
League of Nations. There, issues could be discussed and resolved, and
collective action could be taken against those who became aggressive
against others.
President Woodrow Wilson
President during WWI

46. The End of World War I; con’t.
On November 11, 1918, at 11 A.M. both sides signed an armistice, an
agreement to stop fighting while coming to terms for a peace treaty.
Negotiations began at the palace of Versailles outside of Paris, France.
Palace of Versailles
Hall of Mirrors at the Palace
of Versailles
Name of the treaty that ended WWI was the Treaty of Versailles

47. The Treaty of Versailles
was a punishing treaty
Germany had to admit guilt for causing the war
Germany had to pay the Allies for damages
Germany lost some of its former land, as did the Austrian
Empire
*The treaty created great resentment in Germany. The seeds of
World War II were planted at the end of World War I, which was
called “The War to End All Wars.”
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on
June 28th, 1919.

48. Pandemic “A world-wide epidemic”
In the winter of 1918, a deadly form of influenza called the Spanish flu. At
this time there were no vaccines or treatment. The disease hit quickly, with
many of its victim dying within a few hours. In Georgia, the first cases were at
Ft. Screven near Savannah in September then it moved to Camp Hancock in
Augusta and then to Camp Gordon in Chamblee by early October of 1918.
Those between the ages of
20-40 were hit the hardest.
Georgia was hit not, but not as
hard as some other states.
United States victims: 650,000
World-wide: million