1. TOPIC 3: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION How did the French Revolution lay the foundations for modern democracies? www.theanswer.co.za ●colour pictures to accompany the notes ●a start to a mindmap on this topic ●an example of a completed mindmap on this topic ●colour pictures to accompany the source-based questions. The slides for this topic include:

2. Source: Louis le Grand A sculpture of Louis XIV by Gianlorenzo Bernini See page 61 Georges Danton was a leading force in the French Revolution. Source: Maurin, Albert. 1849. Galerie historique de la révolution française www.theanswer.co.za

3. See page 62 The Palace of Versailles Source: Coyau www.theanswer.co.za

4. See page 62 Source: Coyau The Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles Louis XVI in 1777 Source: Joconde database: entry 000PE013334 www.theanswer.co.za

5. See page 62 Source: Nordisk familjebok A member of the lower clergy A member of the upper clergy Source: SourcePierre Drevet www.theanswer.co.za

6. See page 63 Source: Jean-Honoré Fragonard, wartburg.edu The Swing (circa 1760) shows a young man and woman of the French nobility. www.theanswer.co.za

7. See page 63 Source: Georges de la Tours, Web Gallery of Art A painting called Peasant couple eating, 1620 www.theanswer.co.za

8. The Stone Breakers, from 1849, was painted after the revolution but shows similar working conditions as those experienced by peasants and serfs before the revolution. See page 64 Source: Gustave Courbet, The Yorck Project www.theanswer.co.za

9. A painting of Queen Marie Antoinette from 1786 Source: Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun, http://www.ladyreading.net/marieantoinette/big/marie13.jpg See page 65www.theanswer.co.za

10. See page 66 Source: Catherine Lusurier Voltaire Denis Diderot Source: Louis-Michel van Loo. Joconde: 000PE002831 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Source: The Yorck Project. DIRECTMEDIA Montesquieu Source: Joconde: 000PE006017 www.theanswer.co.za

11. The meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 at Versailles Source: J.M. Moreau Le Jeune. Bibliothèque Nationale de Francet See page 67www.theanswer.co.za

12. See page 67 Source: http://www.ladyreading.net/labille-guiard/gallery.html, Joconde database: entry 000PE011737 Maximilien Robespierre was a young idealistic lawyer and a deputy of the Third Estate at the Estates-General. www.theanswer.co.za

13. A watercolour painting called The Storming of the Bastille painted in 1789 Source: Jean-Pierre Houël, Bibliothèque Nationale de France See page 68www.theanswer.co.za

14. General Marie-Josephe Lafayette advocated gradual change and a constitutional monarchy. See page 68www.theanswer.co.za

15. The 1789 Women’s March on Versailles See page 69www.theanswer.co.za

16. See page 72 Sans culottes Source: Émile Wattier www.theanswer.co.za

17. The Declaration of Pillnitz was issued at Pillnitz Castle by the Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria, Leopold II, and Frederick William II of Prussia. See page 73 Source: Johann Heinrich Schmidt www.theanswer.co.za

18. See page 74 The painting First Consul Bonaparte, circa 1802 Source: Antoine-Jean Gros www.theanswer.co.za

19. The island of Hispaniola is one of the Caribbean Islands, which lie between North and South America. See page 74 Bahamas Hispaniola Puerto Rico Lesser Antilles Jamaica Cuba www.theanswer.co.za

20. See page 74 - Hispaniola in 1790 was divided into the French colony of Saint-Domingue and the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo. Source: Maximilian Dörrbecker Chumwa) Border between French and Spanish colonies - www.theanswer.co.za

21. See page 76 A portrait of Toussaint from a modern Haitian banknote Source: Trisku www.theanswer.co.za

22. All of Hispaniola became the French colony of Saint-Domingue in 1801. 1804  - Haiti A French colony See page 77 Source: Maximilian Dörrbecker (Chumwa) www.theanswer.co.za

23. See page 77 An 1845 engraving called The Battle of Vertières, which was a battle fought in 1803 just before the French withdrew Source: http://www.worldgallery.co.uk www.theanswer.co.za

26. See page 78 Source: Josef Hauzinger Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria visiting Louis XVI of France and his wife Marie Antoinette, 1775–1777 www.theanswer.co.za

27. See page 79 Source: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16962/16962-h/16962-h.htm#image-0003 An illustration from 1798 showing the death of Louis XVI of France www.theanswer.co.za

28. See page 79 A British cartoon of Napoleon produced by J. Gillray in 1803 Source: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division www.theanswer.co.za

29. See page 80 An engraving of Toussaint L’Ouverture from1802 www.theanswer.co.za