1. BELLRINGER
Have your S. Asia history and Webquest worksheets out to check! Answer the following Q’s on a separate sheet of paper:
Regarding innovation and technological advances, which early civs and empires of S. Asia were you most impressed with? Explain.
Are there any connections you can draw with early civs and empires you learned about in N. Africa and SW Asia?

2. History of South Asia
Ch. 24 Sec. 2

3. Indus Valley Civilization
Mohenjo-Daro

4. 1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization?
Writing system
Strong central government
Masters of overseas trade
Organized, planned cities
Uniform weights and measures

5. 2. What were 2 of the world’s first cities
2. What were 2 of the world’s first cities? What technology did they have?
Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa
Bricks made by kilns (still used today)
Plumbing systems (wells  home  covered drains)
Sanitation systems
Signs of dentistry: drilled,
crowned teeth

6. Mohenjo- Daro Great Bath

7. 3. What do many scientists believe led to their decline?
Flooding
Drought
Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry
Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere
Disease

8. Aryan Arrival

9. 4. Who were the Aryans? 5. What were the Vedas?
Light-skinned herders and hunters from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.)
5. What were the Vedas?
Collection of sacred writings- show ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc.
Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit

10. 6. Aryan social class pyramid
Structure was first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid caste system

11. 7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion?
B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya)
Ruled all but southernmost India
Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)

13. 8. When did the Gupta Empire rule. What are things its famous for
8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? Religion?
A.D. (Chandra Gupta I)
Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy, religion)
Concept of zero, origin of Arabic #s, heliocentric theory
Extensive Trade
Hindu Revival

14. 500 healing plants identified Printed medicinal guides
Gupta Achievements
1000 diseases classified
500 healing plants identified
Printed medicinal guides
Kalidasa
Literature
Plastic Surgery
Medicine
Inoculations
Gupta India
C-sections performed
Solar Calendar
Astronomy
Mathematics
Decimal System
The earth is round
PI =
Concept of Zero

16. Extensive Trade: Gupta Empire
spices
silks
rice & wheat
cotton goods
horses
spices
gold & ivory
gold & ivory
cotton goods

17. 9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power?
Muslim missionaries & traders were moving across Africa & Asia
Moguls, over time, took control over most of Indian subcontinent (1526)
Babur
Most land gained under Akbar
Shah Jahan
Defeated only by British in 1857

19. 10. Who were the first Europeans?
Portuguese, 1500
11. What was the East India Company and its significance?
Began as a trade company for East Indies mainly India & China
Soon began ruling India ( )
British Crown then took control of India

20. Brought English language* New educational system Built RRs
12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence Indian culture?
Raj (empire)
Brought English language*
New educational system
Built RRs
Civil/public services

23. Modern South Asia India 13. What is significant about 1947?
Year gained independence from Britain
14. How was India further divided?
India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east & west) for Muslims
15. How did the division of India impact peoples?
Forced to move to country of religion violent conflicts erupted
Kashmir

25. Modern South Asia Maldives
Sri Lanka
16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence, from who?
1948 from Britain, CeylonS.L. (1972)
Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war
Maldives
17. When did the Maldives gain independence, from who?
1965 from Britain

26. Male, Maldives

27. Modern South Asia Pakistan/Bangladesh
18. What is significant about 1971?
- Indo-Pakistani War b/w East & West, India fought against West Pak. Bangladesh created
Extremely violent
(began with genocide
against Bengali Hindus)

28. Modern South Asia 19. List 2 regional conflicts.
Kashmir disputed b/w India & Pakistan
Nuclear weapons add to tension
Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war)
Hindus vs. Muslims all over region

31. Modern South Asia 20. List the type of government of each country.
India: largest democracy in world
Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military involvement (unstable)
Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/ instability due to ethnic clashes
Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now democracy (2008, 1968 respectively)
Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)