1. WARM UP 11/18 1. Name the 4 layers of the epidermis in order. 2. What do melanocytes do? 3. What is found in the stratum spinosum? 4. What does keratin do to the cell? 5. Name 3 things you learned about skin color yesterday.

2. SKIN COLOR

3. Produced by MELANOCYTES in the epidermis STRATUM BASALE layer All races have about the same concentration of melanocytes Amount of MELANIN produced gives the different SKIN COLOR Melanin can be BLACK, BROWN, OR YELLOW TINTS

4. 2 FACTORS THAT CAUSE SKIN COLOR 1. GENETICS * Each person inherits 4-6 pairs of genes for melanin production (dark skin = more production)

5. ALBINISM – genetic disorder where no melanin is produced

6. 2. ENVIRONMENT * Sunlight, UV light, X-rays – cause temporary melanin production (tan) * melanin darkens in sunny locations as a defense mechanism to protect tissues under it

8. UV light that does get through helps to make VITAMIN D *Vitamin D for calcium absorption and strong bones *Lack of vitamin D can lead to RICKETS *Dark skinned people more chance of this because……

9. FRECKLES – concentrated spots of melanin

10. VITILIGO – patches of light and dark in areas The immune cells (cells which fight infection) attack the melanocytes and kill them. When the melanocytes in a certain area die the skin turns white. No one knows why the immune cells attack the melanocytes in people with vitiligo.

12. AGE SPOTS – melanin collecting in spots

13. SKIN CANCER HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW? Take a quiz for EC Number paper 1-14

14. 1. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the US 2. The development of a new mole or a change in an existing one may be a sign of skin cancer 3. People with dark skin do not get skin cancer. 4. You cannot die from skin cancer. 5. All skin cancer can be stopped if caught early 6. Skin cancer is can be genetic. 7. If you stay out of the sun, you won’t get skin cancer.

15. 8. Skin cancer can occur ANYWHERE on the body. 9. Redheads and blondes are more likely to get skin cancer. 10. The more moles you have, the more chance of skin cancer. 11. ½ of all new cancers are skin cancer. 12. One person a day dies from skin cancer 13. Caucasian men have the highest risk of skin cancer. 14. Skin cancer rates have risen 200% since 1930.

16. TRADE PAPERS TO CORRECT 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F

17. SKIN CANCER VIDEO On back of your quiz sheet – 1. Increase risks 2. Preventions 3. Treatments 4. ABCD rule

18. SKIN CANCER NOTES

19. CAUSES 1. Overexposure to UV light 2. Radiation – x-ray 3. Genetics – inherited risk 4. Chemicals - soot, tar, etc.

20. 3 TYPES 1. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA - 80% * most common * affects bottom layer of epidermis * easily treatable; doesn’t spread often

21. Lips, hands, nose, chin, eyelids Small reddish bump

22. 2. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA – 16% * 2 nd most common * affects top layer of epidermis * spreads

23. Mostly ears, scalp, and face Small lump, crusty, scaly, or warty – can turn into an open sore and kill dermis tissue

24. 3. MALIGANANT MELANOMA – 4% * most dangerous type * affects melanocytes or moles * 80% skin cancer deaths are this type * spreads and hard to cure if not caught early

25. Mostly upper back and thighs Moles turn dark, larger, irregular borders, and can crust or bleed

27. A normal mole is an evenly colored brown, tan, or black spot on the skin that may be flat or raised. It is round or oval in shape with sharply defined borders and generally is less than 6 mm in diameter.

28. TREATMENTS 1. Surgery 2. Laser 3. Freezing 4. Radiation 5. EDC – electric current to burn 6. Topical medications

29. PREVENTIONS 1. Out of sun during peak hours 9-4pm 2. SPF 15 or higher 3. Check moles 4. Do not get severely burned as a child 10X more likely in light skinned people, but darker skinned still get on palms, soles of feet and under fingernails

30. ABCD RULE: A = asymmetry (one half doesn’t match other half) B = border (edges ragged, notched, blurred) C = color (not uniform; shades of colors) D = diameter (greater than size of pencil eraser or growing)

31. SKIN CANCER FACTS ½ of all new cancers are skin cancer 1.3 million new cases a year in US 1/74 people have risk of developing melanoma 1 person dies in the world every hour from skin cancer Most common in women 25-29 Tripled in Caucasians in the last 20 years

32. EXTRA CREDIT How much at risk are you for skin cancer? Take the online quiz and print out the answer for yourself – turn in next class for 5 pt EC slip Web address: