1. Development and Implementation of CO and HC Emission Models for use in an Integrated Diesel Engine, Emissions and Aftertreatment System Model Nilesh L. Bagal Advisors: Prof. David E. Foster & Prof. Christopher J. Rutland GMUWCollaborative Research Lab Engine Research Center University of Wisconsin-Madison

2. Integrated System Model Current Integrated System Model includes: - Emission models (Indranil Brahma)  NO x and Soot Model Exhaust system models (Dave Kapparos) After-treatment device models (Andrea Strzelec) Integration of above models (Stephan England) It lacks: -  Emission models  Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) Model GMUWCollaborative Research Lab

3. Objective  Study the chemical kinetic of CO and HC formation in diesel engine  Study the various engine parameters affecting production of CO and HC  Develop a phenomenological Zero-D CO and HC emission model  Explore use of Neural network weights to optimize the phenomenological model  Validate the model with the experimental data  Implement the model in the Integrated System Model GMUWCollaborative Research Lab

4. CO Formation GMUWCollaborative Research Lab Sources of CO formation  Over mixing of fuel  Occurs in conventional diesel combustion  Due to low peak combustion temperature  Associated with lean combustion during ignition delay period  Under mixing of fuel  Product of rich premixed combustion  CO fails to mix with sufficient O 2 to complete oxidation  CO formation is function of chemical kinetics  Rate of oxidation of CO is slow as compared to other hydrocarbons  Thus CO lags behind in oxidation even with the presence of O 2

5. Literature Review  CO model by Ricardo  CO model by Arsie et al. SAE 980779 GMUWCollaborative Research Lab K p (3), Kp (4) from Newhall (1968) R 1 and R 2 defined from forward and backward rate constants

6. Literature Review “ The effect of Swirl Ratio and Fuel Injection Parameters on CO Emission and Fuel Conversion Efficiency for High-Dilution, Low Temperature Combustion in an Automotive Diesel Engine” By Kook et al. SAE 2006-01-0197 GMUWCollaborative Research Lab  Studied the impact of swirl level and injection timing on CO emission  An optimal swirl ratio exists at which lowest CO is observed  CO emissions decrease as SOI is advanced  This is due to enhanced pre- combustion mixing  CO oxidation rates are not a significant factor influencing peak in- cylinder CO mass