1. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1 Air pollution and smoking 7.67.67.67.6

2. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 2 Effects of polluted air on our health Burning fossil fuels gives out air pollutants ( 空氣污染物 )

3. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 3 Effects of polluted air on our health sulphur dioxide ( 二氧化硫 ) nitrogen oxides ( 氮氧化物 ) carbon monoxide ( 一氧化碳 ) ozone ( 臭氧 ) suspended particulates ( 懸浮粒子 ) air pollutants

4. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 4 Effects of polluted air on our health sulphur dioxide nitrogen oxides Effect: irritate our eyes and throat

5. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking Effect: irritate our lungs 5 Effects of polluted air on our health carbon particles sulphur dioxide nitrogen oxides

6. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking Effect: irritate our lungs 6 Effects of polluted air on our health carbon particles sulphur dioxide nitrogen oxides respiratory diseases like bronchitis and asthma

7. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 7 Effects of polluted air on our health lead particles Effect: adversely affect brain functions

8. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 8 Effects of polluted air on our health carbon monoxide Effect: lowers amount of oxygen in blood dizziness and headaches

9. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 9 Breathing in air with pollutants can cause various health problems. Effects of polluted air on our health

10. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 10 Air pollution index (API) What does this tells us?

11. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 11 reported by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) Air pollution index (API)

12. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 12 ranges from 0 to 500 Air pollution index (API) divided into 5 levels

13. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 13 Air pollution index (API) air quality monitoring station ( 空氣質素監測站 ) instruments for measuring the levels of certain air pollutants

14. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 14 Air pollution level APIEffectAction Air pollution index (API) NoneNo action is Needed 0 | 25 Low

15. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 15 Air pollution level APIEffectAction Air pollution index (API) NoneNo immediate action is needed 26 | 50 Medium

16. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 16 Air pollution level APIEffectAction Immediate health effects in very few people No immediate action is needed 51 | 100 High Air pollution index (API)

17. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 17 Air pollution level APIEffectAction Health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen mildly People with heart or respiratory diseases should reduce physical and outdoor activities 101 | 200 Very high Air pollution index (API)

18. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 18 Air pollution level APIEffectAction Wheezing and coughing among general public; health conditions of people with heart or respiratory diseases may worsen significantly All people should reduce physical and outdoor activities Severe 201 | 500 Air pollution index (API)

19. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 19 The API describes the air quality. The higher the API, the poorer the air quality. Air pollution index (API)

20. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 20 7.5 Air quality in Hong Kong Air quality monitoring station Distribution of hourly API (number of hours) Low (0–25) Medium (26–50) High (51–100) Very high (101–200) Severe (201–500) A115978972350 B18295296600 C08811208110

21. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 21 7.5 1Which station (A, B or C) is most probably located in the rural area? Explain your answer. Station B, because the API was never recorded as very high or severe over the three months. It also has the largest number of hours recorded with low air pollution level.

22. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 22 7.5 2Suppose station C is located in Causeway Bay. Suggest reasons for the poor air quality in Causeway Bay. The heavy traffic in Causeway Bay releases a large amount of exhaust gas. The air pollutants in the exhaust gas are trapped in the area by tall buildings.

23. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 23 Effects of smoking on our health Say NO to smoking!

24. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 24 Effects of smoking on our health > 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke > 50 harmful to health

25. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 25 Cigarette smoking model 7.20 Experiment video 1 cigarette to air pump cotton wool U-shaped tube

26. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 26 2 light the cigarette turn on the air pump 7.20

27. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 27 What happens to the colour of the cotton wool? It turns yellow/brown. 2 7.20

28. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 28 Effect of smoking on our health the yellow substance left is tar ( 焦油 )

29. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 29 Effect of smoking on our health tar black tar deposits

30. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 30 Effect of smoking on our health from a healthy person from a smoker

31. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 31 Effect of smoking on our health Tar Causes throat and lung cancer Causes coughs and other respiratory diseases, e.g. bronchitis Stains the teeth and finger nails

32. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking Nicotine ( 尼古丁 ) Lowers the oxygen content in blood 32 Effect of smoking on our health Increases heart rate and blood pressure Leads to heart diseases

33. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking Carbon monoxide Lowers the oxygen content in blood 33 Effect of smoking on our health

34. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking Hydrogen cyanide ( 氰化氫 ) Irritates the eyes, nose and skin 34 Effect of smoking on our health Causes weakness, headaches and vomiting

35. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 35 Passive smoking

36. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 36 Passive smoking Immediate effects eye irritation headaches coughs sore throat dizziness

37. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 37 Passive smoking Long-term effects increased risk of smoking-related diseases (e.g. respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases)

38. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 38 Non-smokers’ lung and smokers’ lung

39. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 39 Smoking and passive smoking largely increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases, lung cancer and heart diseases. Effect of smoking on our health

40. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 1The major cause of air pollution is the burning of large amounts of __________. 407 fossil fuels

41. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 2Air pollutants can cause respiratory diseases such as __________ and __________. 417 bronchitis asthma

42. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 3The range of the Air Pollution Index is divided into ______ air pollution levels. 42 five 7

43. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 4______ is a yellow substance in cigarette smoke. It can cause cancer. 43 Tar 7

44. 7.6 Air pollution and smoking 44 5Cigarette smoking is addictive because cigarette smoke contains ________. nicotine 7