3. A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land. The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water.

6. Commonly caused by a combination of sea tidal surges caused by storm-force winds and high river stages due to heavy rain. Caused by severe sea storms, or as a result of another hazard (e.g. tsunami or hurricane). A storm surge, from either a tropical cyclone or an extra tropical cyclone, falls within this category. Caused by a significant and unexpected event e.g. dam breakage, or as a result of another hazard (e.g. earthquake or volcanic eruption). See outburst flood. Human-induced Accidental damage by workmen to tunnels or pipes.

7. Floods can also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding.

9. Heavy Rainfall Relief Coastal Flooding SNOWMELT

11. Deforestation Poor Farming Poor Water Management Population Pressure

12. EFFFOLEFOCOTDSEFFFOLEFOCOTDS

13. Floods make an enormous impact on the environment and society. Floods destroy drainage systems in cities, causing raw sewage to spill out into bodies of water. Also, in cases of severe floods, buildings can be significantly damaged and even destroyed. This can lead to catastrophic effects on the environment as many toxic materials such as paint, pesticide and gasoline can be released into the rivers, lakes, bays, and ocean, killing maritime life. Floods may also cause millions of dollars worth of damage to a city, both evicting people from their homes and ruining businesses. Floods cause significant amounts of erosion to coasts, leading to more frequent flooding if not repaired.

16. BEFORE ……..  Learn to recognize environmental clues such as heavy rains, topography and flood history of the region.  Know your elevation above flood stage and the history regarding flooding of your location.  Learn first aid and CPR at your local Red Cross chapter or community organization.  Keep on hand a battery-operated flashlight and radio.  Learn evacuation routes.  Keep vehicle fueled since power failure may render service stations inoperable

17. DURING…….  Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.  Do not attempt to cross a stream where water is above your knees. When in doubt, don't try it.  Do not try to drive over a flooded road. The water can be much deeper than it appears and you could be stranded or trapped.  Do not try to drive around police barricades.  Stay away from drains and ditche

18. AFTER……..  Do not eat fresh food that has come in contact with flood waters.  Boil drinking water before using.  Report broken gas, electrical and water lines immediately.  Do not handle electrical equipment in wet areas.  Do not sightsee. Your presence could impede relief efforts as well as endanger yourself.  Cooperate with local officials. Respond to requests for assistance from local police, firefighters and relief workers.  Community participation is critical to effective disaster relief

21. IN INDIA……..

23. Clean-up safety… Clean-up activities following floods often pose hazards to workers and volunteers involved in the effort. Potential dangers include: water polluted by mixing with and causing overflows from sanitary sewers, electrical hazards, carbon monoxide exposure, musculoskeletal hazards, heat or cold stress,. Because flooded disaster sites are unstable, clean-up workers might encounter sharp jagged debris, biological hazards in the flood water, exposed electrical lines, blood or other body fluids, and animal and human remains.