1. Towards A User-Centric Identity-Usage Monitoring System - ICIMP 2008 - Daisuke Mashima and Mustaque Ahamad College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia, USA Partly Supported by I3P

2. Outline Background and motivation Limitations of existing approaches Design goals for user-centric monitoring Proof of concept in OpenID setting Conclusion

3. Background and Motivation Increasing threat of online identity theft and misuse –Ranked in the first place for the 7 th year in a row in FTC report Prevention is not perfect –Insufficient attention to Site Authentication Image or SSL icon –Physical theft of a device and removable storage –Malwares –Social engineering –And more… Monitoring and detection mechanisms are also required.

4. Existing Schemes: Fraud Detection Systems Aim to detect fraudulent activities –Misuse of stolen credit card information –Cellular cloning, theft of calling card or cellular phone

5. Limitations of Existing Schemes Limited or no user control –Users do not have option to enable or disable monitoring Privacy concern –Users have no choice about what kind of information is captured and stored on SP Lack of generality –System is designed in service-specific way –A dedicated system is required for each site

6. Design Goals Users must be able to trust the monitoring system –Users should be able to choose an entity that they can trust Preferably resides on a networked trusted party –Identity usage must be reliably captured and made available to monitoring system Users should have flexible control over the monitoring system –Legitimate users should be able to turn on/off the monitoring system –Users should have choice about what information is captured and used for monitoring purpose

7. Design Goals Contd. Monitoring system must offer generality without lowering effectiveness –By using context information, the monitoring system can handle identity credentials used for accessing general services –Engaging users closely in the anomaly detection process is important. Make users attentive –Push alert or periodic reports Provide interface to obtain feedback from user

8. Overview of Proposed Architecture

9. Context Information for Monitoring Who? –What platform a user commonly uses to access online services OS fingerprinting (nmap, p0f, etc.) User-Agent in web setting To whom? –Identifier of a service provider that a user is talking to Where? –IP Geolocation (MaxMind, Delay-based schemes, etc.) –Whois record When? –Timestamp of usage –Day of week, week of month, hour of day etc.

10. Context-based Anomaly Detection Time –Significant change in frequency of access –Anomalous access pattern Location –Deviation of geographic location in normal usage pattern –Light-speed contradiction Device Fingerprint –Unseen device type in the past

11. Basic OpenID Architecture Authentication credential for OpenID provider could be stolen by phishing An adversary could imitate service provider site to retrieve identity credential from legitimate OpenID provider

12. Proof of Concept in OpenID

13. Evaluation: Generality Can support any kind of services that rely on OpenID No change is required at user side Can be modified and applied to other types of systems

14. Evaluation: Performance Increase of response time is acceptable even when multi-user setting. NetworkThreadsMonitoringReq. / SecTime / Req. LAN1YES2.2540.443 NO1.7820.566 CATV1YES1.6140.612 NO1.4040.712 5YES4.508- NO3.708-

15. Evaluation: Security Context-based monitoring makes identity misuse more difficult Risk of phishing attack can be mitigated Periodic reports help shorten the window of vulnerability Authentication to control monitoring system must be isolated from OpenID authentication

16. Evaluation: Usability Pushing usage summary periodically reduces users’ burden Context information makes reports or alerts easy to understand

17. Conclusion Proposed requirements for user-centric monitoring and identified design goals Showed a proof of concept in OpenID setting and evaluated it Future work –Implementation in other types of architecture Other identity management systems –GUIDE-ME Email-based system –Explore more sophisticated mechanism for context-based anomalous usage detection

18. 18 Thank you very much. (mashima@cc.gatech.edu)