1. Secondary Inclusion
By Courtney Sayward

2. Background
Previously, special education teachers were teaching the content areas.
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) requires teachers to be highly qualified in the areas they are teaching
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) aims to improve educational results in students with disabilities.
Solution? INCLUSION

3. Summary of Information

4. Issues with Inclusion at the Secondary Level
Attitudes
Time & Scheduling
Collaboration
Standardized testing
Skill level gaps
Lack of knowledge and preparation

5. Keys to Successful Inclusion
Positive attitudes by school community
Teachers, parents, administrator support
Education
Preparatory programs, professional development
Collaboration, communication, co-teaching
Universal Design for Learning
Preparation
Adequate planning time and appropriate scheduling (planning periods with mentor teachers and special education teachers)

6. 7 Effective Strategies for Secondary Inclusion Video Preview - YouTube

7. Articles

8. Article #1 by Laura Bowden Carpenter and Allen Dyal
Secondary Inclusion: Strategies for Implementing the Consultative Teacher Model
Article #1 by Laura Bowden Carpenter and Allen Dyal

9. Secondary Inclusion: Strategies for Implementing the Consultative Teacher Model
Two options:
Special education teacher teaching the content (traditional approach) or special education teacher as a “consultant” in the general education classroom
Class size & Caseload
The smaller the class size and case load the better
Ways to increase collaborative planning time:
Early dismissal/late arrival
Substitutes
Rotating planning period for the special education teacher

10. Preparing Preservice Teachers for Inclusion in Secondary Classrooms
Article #2 by Nancy Turner

11. Preparing Preservice Teachers for Inclusion in Secondary Classrooms
Preparatory programs:
should include at least one special education course; one relevant to the secondary level is ideal
Could merge/infuse general and special education courses and ideas so program addresses ALL learners
Could lead to dual certification
Should include strategies on behavior management, collaboration, and time management

12. Promoting Inclusion in Secondary Schools Through Appreciative Inquiry
Article # 3 by Peter Kozik, Bernard Cooney, Scott Vinciguerra, Kathleen Gradel, and Joan Black

13. Promoting Inclusion in Secondary Schools Through Appreciative Inquiry
Day long discussion of Secondary Inclusion with four phases:
Discovery
Interviews regarding teaching and inclusion
Dream
Identify common themes from interviews
Design
Rank themes
Deliver
Commit to change

14. Promoting Inclusion in Secondary Schools Through Appreciative Inquiry
Results:
Values
Top 3: social justice, passion, courage to change
Skills
Top 3: communication, collaboration, differentiated instruction/assessment
Knowledge
Top 3: Adolescent Development/learning styles, useful research data, diversity

15. Article #4 by Scott Robinson
Teaching High School Students with Learning and Emotional Disabilities in Inclusive Science Classrooms: A Case Study of Four Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices
Article #4 by Scott Robinson

16. Teaching High School Students with Learning and Emotional Disabilities in Inclusive Science Classrooms: A Case Study of Four Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices
“Approximately 11% of all K-12 students have an identified disability” (Robinson, 2002)
Case Study
Initial Interviews
Classroom observations
Follow up interviews
Four science teachers were interviewed regarding:
Planning
Instruction
Assessment

17. Teaching High School Students with Learning and Emotional Disabilities in Inclusive Science Classrooms: A Case Study of Four Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices
Planning
Universal Design for ALL learners
Flexible lessons that can be altered if needed
Instruction
Questioning and classroom discussions
Varying instruction to appeal to the different types of learners
Cooperative Learning
Grouping strategies depend on the student strengths and weaknesses
Study Skills
Assessment
Regents exams

18. Article #5 by Margaret Tomasik
Effective Inclusive Activities for High School Students with Multiple Disabilities
Article #5 by Margaret Tomasik

19. Effective Inclusive Activities for High School Students with Multiple Disabilities
Inclusion of students in a US History course
Utilized the students’ IEPs
Included the students only for this course and had them create meaningful work that met the goals of their IEPs
Students utilized technology to create a presentation and the general education students helped.
Students cooked and created a PowerPoint presentation on the addressed units.

20. What’s Next? As a teacher candidate, I want to:
continue researching this topic and others related to inclusion
Take additional special education courses to gain more knowledge
Keep an open mind and positive attitude
Secondary inclusion has its challenges but I think it is vital to overcome them for the students’ success.

21. Questions
Do you think there is a difference between inclusion at the elementary level and at the secondary level?
Budget cuts are happening all around us. Will this impact inclusion at the secondary level?
From my reading, attitudes seem to be a huge limiting factor to inclusion. What can we do about this?
How have you been prepared to create an inclusive classroom?

22. Sources
Carpenter, L., & Dyal, A. (2001). Secondary Inclusion: Strategies for Implementing the Consultative Teacher Model. Education, 127(3), Retrieved June 20, 2012, from the Education Research Complete database.
Kozik, P., Cooney, B., Vinciguerra, S., Gradel, K., & Black, J. (2009). Promoting Inclusion in Secondary Schools Through Appreciative Inquiry. American Secondary Education, 38(1), Retrieved June 20, 2012, from the Education Research Complete database.
Robinson, S. (2002). Teaching High School Students with Learning and Emotional Disabilities in Inclusive Science Classrooms: A Case Study for Four Teachers' Beliefs and Practices. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 13(1), Retrieved June 20, 2012, from the Education Research Complete database.
Tomasik, M. (2007). Effective Inclusion Activities for High School Students with Multiple Disabilities. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 1, Retrieved June 20, 2012, from the Education Research Complete database.
Turner, N. (2003). Preparing Preservice Teachers for Inclusion in Secondary Classrooms. Education, 123(3), Retrieved June 20, 2012, from the Education Research Complete database.