1. Systems Development
Dr. Ashok Agarwal

2. Development Models
RAD
Waterfall
Proto type –RAD / Waterfall

3. System Development life cycle
System Requirement Document
System Design Document
System Specification Document
Test Plans
Study of existing system
Defining user needs
Gaps, if any
Conceptual Design.
Detailed Design
Design Database
Design Processes
Detailed Programming.
Testing
Conversion
Training of end users
On-going maintenance
Systems Analysis
Systems Design & Development
Implementation

4. Prototyping Identify basic requirements Develop a working prototype
Use the prototype
User
satisfied
Revise & enhance prototype
Operational prototype No
Yes

5. End-user Computing Tools
Developed by end users with no assistance from technical group
Manager
Staff
MIS Management
Systems Analyst
Programmer
Months
TRADITIONAL
End-user Computing Tools
Minutes or Days
END USERS
Design Programming Test

6. The Onsite - Offshore Model
Review Reports, Test Reports, Walk Through, Internal Quality Audit, Non conformance, Change Control Document
Proj. Mgt. Plan, Quality Plan, Master Proj. Plan, Wkly. Plans, Time Sheets, Proj. Status Report, Milestone Status Report
Communication
Review Meetings
Design
Detailing
Setup
Environment
Study / Design
(SDD)
On site
SQL Star
Offshore
Development
Center
Acceptance
Training
Support
Coding,
Testing Reworks
Testing
Client

7. Onsite - Offshore Model - Project Organization
Structure
On Site
Core Team
Offshore
Project Manager
Project Leader
Architect SE QA
ML1
ML2
ML3

8. Business Process Reengineering
Need to redesign business processes before
introducing computers.
Mortgage Application Process - Example
Before BPR
After BPR

9. Before Reengineering Credit Reporting
Organization of loan: paper application
Prequalification
Document Generation
Application Processing
Credit Analysis & underwriting
Approval & Closing
Loan limit estimates
Loan structuring options
Maximum monthly
payment estimates
Application Documents
Disclosure Documents
Compliance Documents
Credit analysis worksheets
Appraisal
Title search
Credit checking & scoring
Closing calculations
Closing documents
Set up for servicing
Servicing of loan in multiple locations by specialists in credit analysis and underwriters
Payment Processing & Reporting
Escrow Management
Customer
service
Collections, bankruptcies & foreclosures
Payment accounting
Statements
Tax reporting
Hazard insurance accounting
Private mortgage insurance
accounting
Property tax accounting
Balance inquiries
Escrow inquiries
Statement requests
Late payment notices
Management of
delinquent accounts
Loan servicing by specialists in insurance and escrow
Value
and risk
Transfer to secondary market
Loan inventory
Gain/loss calculations
Risk Mgmt
Loan purchase & sale Mgmt
Loan pooling
Loan shipment

10. After Reengineering Loan Origination Team Regional Production
Center
Loan
Origination
Team
Servicing
Field Rep Laptop
Information
Customer
Preapproved
Credit limit
Dial-up network of intranet
Loan servicing by specialists working as a team
Regional production center:teams process open applications
Loan processing by teams of loan representatives who handle whole cases

11. Work Flow Management Automating processes for routing documents to
different locations,securing approvals scheduling
and generating reports.
Ability to retrieve document/file.
Multiple people working on the same document
in parallel, if necessary

12. Key Processes Project Management Testing & Reviews
Configuration Management
Documentation

13. Project Management For development projects For maintenance projects
Driven by requirements / study
Emphasis on design
For maintenance projects
Driven by change requests
Emphasis on impact analysis

14. Process Flow – Software Development
Marketing
Request for Proposal
from prospective client
Proposal
Proposal Team
Contract Signed
Project Initiation & Planning
Requirements Study
Requirements
Specification
Document
Design
Design Documents
Development
Testing & Quality Assurance
Software Delivery
User Acceptance & Sign-off
Post delivery support / warranty

15. Process Flow (Development Projects)
Contract Review
PMP & QP
Requirements Specification
(Prototype)
System Design
Development & Testing
Configuration Management

16. Process Flow (Maintenance Projects)
Contract Review
PMP & QP
Requirements Specification / Change Requests
Impact Analysis & System Specifications
Development & Testing
Configuration Management

17. Project Planning Process
Project Initiation
Project Initiation Note
Project
Requirements
Note
Allocation of Resources
Preparation of PMP & QP
PMP & QP
Applying Methodology mentioned in PMP & QP till the project closure
Review & Approval of PMP & QP
PSR,MIS, Review Reports, Audit Reports, C & PA action point …

18. Testing Will the System produce desired results?
Extremely complex and time consuming and FRUSTRATING
Test Plan – Prepared by development team
along with “USERS”.
Unit Testing :
System Testing :
Acceptance Testing :
Testing each program separately.
Test the system as a whole.
Final certification.

19. Testing & Reviews All the documents are reviewed
All the software components are tested
Metrics collected on defects, schedules and efforts
Analysis done and improvements suggested

20. Testing Process Reviewed TP SSD Standards Coding / Rework
Testing by SE
Bug Free
Add TCs
TPA by SE No
Yes
Apply SCM
Testing by PM
Defect logging
Assessment
Defect
Assignment
Rework / Initial
Initial Coding
Update the
defect DB
Testing
by QA
TPA by QAE
Mark for release

21. Configuration Management
Change Management
How the requests are received
How they are addressed & closed
Version Management
How different versions are managed
What are the changes in each version

22. Change Management Receive the change requests
Document the changes into CCD
Receive the change requests A
Testing by QA
CCD Closure
Release to QA
PM Reviews the work
Developer completes the coding
& testing
Assign CCD work to Developer
Prepare the specification
Documents & Test Plans
Get the approval
Study the impact,
estimate efforts & schedule (PM)

23. Customer Focus/Satisfaction
Customer Feedback
Customer Satisfaction Rating
Analysis and action

24. Documentation Process Documents Technical Documents
Project Management Plan
Quality Plan
Technical Documents
Requirements Specification Document
User Interface Standards Document
System Analysis Document
System Design Document
System Specification Document
User Manual
System Manual

25. DETAILED DOCUMENTATION & END USER TRAINING REQUIRED
Conversion
Process of changing Old System to New System.
Parallel Approach :
EXPENSIVE
Danger of both systems operating
Direct Cut over :
On a appointed time changeover “VERY RISKY”
Pilot Study : Introduce in Limited Area and expand.
Phased Approach – Implement in stages.
DETAILED DOCUMENTATION & END USER TRAINING REQUIRED

26. Thank you