1. Introduction
Air-Purifying Respirators
Supplied Air Respirators
Selection and Limitations
Inspection and Testing
Cleaning and Storage
Worker Training

2. Introduction

3. contaminants can enter your blood stream through your lungs
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Introduction
Respirators:
respirators are devices designed to protect the wearer from inhaling contaminants such as dust, vapors, gases, and fumes
why wear respirators?
contaminants can enter your blood stream through your lungs
contaminants in your blood are carried throughout your body

4. protect lungs from contaminants: dusts chemicals gases
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Introduction
Why wear respirators?
protect lungs from contaminants:
dusts
chemicals
gases
reduce exposure by preventing contaminants from being inhaled
smoke
vapors
fumes

5. exposure to airborne hazards can have short-term and long-term effects
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Introduction
Why wear respirators?
exposure to airborne hazards can have short-term and long-term effects
short-term and long-term exposures can lead to permanent illness
it could take years for dust to damage your lungs

6. cumulative damage and scarring can lead to diseases such as:
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Introduction
Why wear respirators?
cumulative damage and scarring can lead to diseases such as:
lung cancer
silicosis
asbestosis
mesothelioma
emphysema

7. usually found in poorly ventilated confined spaces
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Introduction
Respiratory hazards:
oxygen deficiency:
usually found in poorly ventilated confined spaces
can be caused by fire, chemicals, or biological action
oxygen deficient atmosphere considered Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) could cause illness or death in a matter of minutes without proper respiratory protection

8. Introduction Respiratory hazards: asbestos fibers crystalline silica
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Introduction
Respiratory hazards:
asbestos fibers
crystalline silica
fiberglass particles
arsenic
lead
chromium

9. metal fumes from welding, cutting, and brazing smoke
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Introduction
Respiratory hazards:
metal fumes from welding, cutting, and brazing
smoke
toxic gases and vapors
carbon monoxide from heavy equipment and other toxins from chemicals used on site

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Introduction
Respiratory hazards:
anthrax
smallpox
poisons

11. the higher the PF, the higher the protection ranges from 5 to 10,000
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Introduction
Protection factor:
concentration of airborne contaminant outside the respirator
concentration inside the respirator
the higher the PF, the higher the protection
ranges from 5 to 10,000

12. two forms of respirators: air-purifying respirators
Introduction
Types of respirators:
two forms of respirators:
air-purifying respirators
supplied-air respirators

13. Air-Purifying Respirators

14. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Air-purifying respirators (APR):
use filters or cartridges to purify air
worn only when the atmosphere had enough oxygen
do not supply oxygen

15. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Components of air-purifying respirators:
face piece:
made of rubber, plastic, or silicon
face pieces come in different sizes—one size does not fit all

16. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Components of air-purifying respirators:
headband:
holds respirator securely to your head
should be adjusted tightly, but not so tight that the mask deforms or becomes uncomfortable

17. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Components of air-purifying respirators:
inhalation valve:
opens to allow air to enter as you breathe in
closes when you breathe out

18. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Components of air-purifying respirators:
exhalation valve:
valve opens to allow air to escape when you breathe out
valve closes when you breathe out
valve cover protects the valve
if it leaks, you will breathe contaminated air

19. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Components of air-purifying respirators:
cartridge/filter:
cleans the air that you breathe
can be HEPA or P, R, or N-series
must correspond to hazard

20. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Particulate filters:
made of fibrous material
protect against dust, mist, and fumes
size and concentration of particles and the type of filter affect how well APR works
particulate filters do not protect against gases and vapors

21. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Chemical cartridges:
protect against vapors and gases
do not protect against dusts
color-coded to indicate the specific contaminant they protect against

22. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Chemical cartridges:
required when multiple hazards exist
protects against dust, vapors, and gases
provides additional respiratory protection

23. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Changing filters/cartridges:
cartridges have a limited life that varies with level of exposure to contaminants
if you have difficulty breathing, your particulate filter is probably clogged
gas and vapor cartridges should be replaced every shift or more often if needed

24. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Changing filters/cartridges:
if you are unsure how often to change your filter or cartridge, ask your supervisor
if you smell or taste a contaminant, change your cartridge immediately
replace cartridge/filter in an area with clean air

25. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Disposable paper masks:
PF = 5-10
simplest and least protective form of respiratory protection
trap airborne particles
only effective for large particle dust
do not seal the face to provide a good fit

26. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Quarter mask:
PF = 5-10
fit from the top of the nose to the top of the chin
use cloth or cartridge filters

27. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Half-face APR:
PF = 10
fit from the top of the nose to under the chin
no eye protection
use cartridges with limited life and should only be used in atmospheres with sufficient oxygen

28. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Full-face APR:
PF = 50
cover the entire face, starting at the forehead, down over the temples and eyes, and under chin
they have a better seal but carry the same limitations as a half-face APR

29. Air-Purifying Respirators
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Air-Purifying Respirators
Powered air-purifying respirator:
continuously pulls air through cartridge/filter and blows air into the mask

30. Supplied-Air Respirators

31. Supplied-Air Respirators
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Supplied-Air Respirators
Supplied air respirators (SAR):
use air tanks or air hose to supply clean air
provides greatest degree of respiratory protection
only protection acceptable in an oxygen-deficient environment
requires extensive, hands-on training
requires a “buddy system” in situations that are IDLH

32. Supplied-Air Respirators
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Supplied-Air Respirators
Air line respirators:
PF = 1,000
hose connected to an air pump that is equipped with a filtering system that purifies the air
hoses should never exceed 300 feet from worker to air source
inspect air hose for punctures and deterioration before use
always carry an escape bottle in an IDLH or oxygen-deficient atmosphere

33. Supplied-Air Respirators
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Supplied-Air Respirators
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA):
PF = 10,000
highest level of respiratory protection
air is contained in a compressed air tank or cylinder carried on your back
greater mobility than air line respirators
limited supply of air

34. Selection and Limitations

35. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Respirator selection:
not all respirators are right for all jobs
to select the appropriate respirator, you must first determine the contaminant
before choosing a respirator, the air must be tested to find out the concentration of the contaminant in the atmosphere
you must determine the percentage of oxygen in the air and the hazardous substance workers may be exposed to

36. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Respirator selection:
before selecting a respirator for a job, you must know:
the concentration of any hazardous substances
the permissible exposure level (PEL) of hazardous substances

37. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Respirator selection:
if a contaminant is hazardous to the skin and eyes, you will need full face protection
if you are unsure which respirator to use, ask your supervisor

38. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Respirator limitations:
beards and long sideburns can prevent a good seal between your face and the respirator
mustaches are acceptable as long as they fit under the mask without affecting the seal
long hair must be pulled back away from the face
extreme weight gain or loss
major dental work that could change the structure of your face

39. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Respirator limitations:
eyeglasses can prevent a good seal for the respirator because the temple bars prevent the respirator from fitting up against the side of the head
spectacle kits are used to solve problems with eyeglasses
if you wear glasses, ask your employer for a spectacle kit
never attempt to work without your glasses

40. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Respirator limitations:
contact lenses cannot be used with respirators in a contaminated atmosphere because they are porous and can absorb chemicals
humidity inside full-face respirators fluctuates and may affect the ability to wear contact lenses comfortably
chewing gum, food, or tobacco also puts a strain on the respirator’s seal

41. Selection and Limitations
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Selection and Limitations
Medical screening:
before wearing a respirator, you must get medical clearance from a physician or licensed health care professional
the medical exam may include:
risk factor questionnaire
pulmonary function test

42. Inspection and Testing

43. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Respirator inspection:
respirators should be inspected before and after each use and checked at least monthly, even if not used
look for cracks, tears, holes, and excessive dirt
check elastic parts for inflexibility and signs of deterioration
change cartridges on a regular basis or when the wearer experiences resistance when breathing

44. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
APR inspection:
check:
straps
body
face piece
inhalation valve
exhalation valve and cover
seal
cartridge
O-ring

45. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
SAR inspection:
check:
straps
face piece
hoses
harnesses
compressor or air tank
regulator
alarm

46. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Respirator inspection:
respirators must be adjusted and fit checked each time they are worn to ensure the best possible seal
two common and simple procedures for fit check:
positive pressure check
negative pressure check

47. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Positive pressure check:
make sure the respirator fits snuggly on your face
cover the exhalation valve
exhale gently for about 10 seconds—do not exhale too hard or push the mask into the face or fit check will be inaccurate
if the respirator fits, a slight pressure should build up inside the respirator
if air leaks out, the seal is inadequate

48. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Negative pressure check:
make sure the respirator fits snuggly on your face
cover the filter openings with the palms of your hands
inhale gently for about 10 seconds—do not push the respirator into the face too hard or the fit check will be inaccurate

49. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Negative pressure check:
if the respirator fits correctly, it should collapse slightly inward
if it does not collapse and an air leak is felt, the seal is inadequate

50. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Qualitative testing:
while wearing the respirator, a harmless odor or irritant smoke is released
if you cannot detect the substance, than the respirator fits properly

51. Inspection and Testing
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Inspection and Testing
Quantitative testing:
most sophisticated fit test
measures the actual amount of leakage into the respirator
aerosol generator is used to create an atmosphere of corn oil, salt, or other harmless aerosol inside a fit chamber or booth
air monitoring instruments measure the concentrations inside the booth
a measurement probe inserted into the mask samples the air inside the mask

52. Cleaning and Storage

53. Cleaning and Storage Respirator cleaning:
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Cleaning and Storage
Respirator cleaning:
respirators must be cleaned, stored, and maintained properly to ensure effective use
do not clean respirators with solvents—wash with mild dish detergent or a combination of detergent and disinfectant

54. use a brush and warm water to wash away dust or dirt
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Cleaning and Storage
Respirator cleaning:
use a brush and warm water to wash away dust or dirt
thoroughly rinse with clean water to remove detergent that could cause skin irritation

55. air dry respirators on a drying rack or clean surface
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Cleaning and Storage
Respirator cleaning:
remove APR cartridges before washing respirator—they should not get wet!
air dry respirators on a drying rack or clean surface
position respirators so that face piece rubber will not set crooked while drying
re-inspect all respirator pieces for defects before reassembling them

56. Cleaning and Storage Respirator storing:
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Cleaning and Storage
Respirator storing:
at the end of each shift, store the respirator in the original box or bag in such a way as to not distort its shape to protect it from:
dust
sunlight
extreme heat and cold
excessive moisture
chemicals

57. Respirator maintenance:
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Cleaning and Storage
Respirator maintenance:
only trained and qualified personnel are authorized to repair respirators
if you find any defect in your respirator, report it to your supervisor
keep a record of all repairs and inspections
never mix parts of respirators from different manufacturers
never submerge SCBAs in water

58. Worker Training

59. Before using respirators:
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Worker Training
Before using respirators:
the employer must develop and implement a respiratory protection training program in compliance with OSHA standard
the employer must provide respiratory protection training to all workers prior to workers' respirator use 

60. recognize the capabilities and limitations for each type of respirator
Worker Training
Training objectives:
recognize why respirators are necessary and how improper fit, use, or maintenance can compromise their protective effects
recognize the capabilities and limitations for each type of respirator
recognize the effectiveness of respirators in emergency situations
perform proper inspection, donning, and doffing procedures

61. perform proper fit check procedures
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Worker Training
Training objectives:
perform proper fit check procedures
recognize proper respirator maintenance and storage
recognize medical signs/symptoms that may limit or prevent effective use
understand the general requirements of OSHA standard 29 CFR

62. Training requirements:
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Worker Training
Training requirements:
training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable training has been provided by another employer within the past 12 months
retraining is required annually and when:
changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous training obsolete
there are inadequacies in the worker’s knowledge or use
any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary

63. The End

64. Particulate Filters

65. Chemical Cartridge

66. Disposable Paper Mask

67. Quarter Mask

68. Half-Face APR

69. Full-Face APR

70. Powered APR

71. Supplied Air Respirator

72. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

73. Positive Pressure Check

74. Negative Pressure Check

75. Qualitative Testing

76. Quantitative Testing

77. Proper Cleaning

78. Worker Training

79. Asbestos Fibers

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