2. Bell Ringer Complete the Main Idea Comprehension sheet on the table. Reread and review your answers. Complete the Main Idea Comprehension sheet on the table. Reread and review your answers.

3. Objective- Cause and Effect The last time we met, we focused on the AHSGE summarizing a passage objective. The last time we met, we focused on the AHSGE summarizing a passage objective. Today we are going to discuss, read and list cause and effect. Today we are going to discuss, read and list cause and effect.

4. Motivation Why should you be motivated to focus on the AHSGE cause and effect objective? Why should you be motivated to focus on the AHSGE cause and effect objective? Pass the AHSGE Pass the AHSGE Become lifelong readers Become lifelong readers To better understand what you read To better understand what you read To be successful in your future To be successful in your future What is cause and effect ? What is cause and effect ?

5. Cause and Effect Cause and effect relationships in writing tell why things happen ( causes ) and what happens as a result ( effect ). The cause answers the question “Why did this happen?” The effect answers the question “What happened as a result?” Causes and effects can be stated, or they can be implied (not stated). When they are stated, the following words might help you identify them; however, keywords are not always present, especially if the cause or the effect is implied. Read the following keywords on page 103. Cause and effect relationships in writing tell why things happen ( causes ) and what happens as a result ( effect ). The cause answers the question “Why did this happen?” The effect answers the question “What happened as a result?” Causes and effects can be stated, or they can be implied (not stated). When they are stated, the following words might help you identify them; however, keywords are not always present, especially if the cause or the effect is implied. Read the following keywords on page 103.

6. Example 1 Look at the following example in your book on page 103. Look at the following example in your book on page 103. What is the cause and the effect ? What is the cause and the effect ? In this statement, no key word points to the cause or the effect, but each is easy to recognize. The cause of the weight loss is the diet. The effect of the diet is the weight loss. These causes and effects are stated in the sentence. What might be an implied cause for the diet? When a person goes on a diet, it is usually implied that the cause is that he or she wants to or needs to lose weight. In this sentence, this cause is not stated, but from the way the sentence is worded, it is implied. In this statement, no key word points to the cause or the effect, but each is easy to recognize. The cause of the weight loss is the diet. The effect of the diet is the weight loss. These causes and effects are stated in the sentence. What might be an implied cause for the diet? When a person goes on a diet, it is usually implied that the cause is that he or she wants to or needs to lose weight. In this sentence, this cause is not stated, but from the way the sentence is worded, it is implied.

7. Example 2 Look at the following example in your book on page 103. Look at the following example in your book on page 103. What is the cause and the effect ? What is the cause and the effect ? Again, there is a stated cause and a stated effect in these sentences. The drought was the cause of the water restrictions. Water restriction was an effect of the drought. But look closely at the wording of the second sentence which uses the words burden the residents to describe the water restrictions. This is another stated effect of the drought even though it isn’t as obvious. What might be an implied effect? It is implied that the residents of the metropolitan counties are not happy about the restrictions. The “ burden ” mentioned could simply be an inconvenience, or it could be a financial burden due to increased water costs. These effects are implied, not stated. Again, there is a stated cause and a stated effect in these sentences. The drought was the cause of the water restrictions. Water restriction was an effect of the drought. But look closely at the wording of the second sentence which uses the words burden the residents to describe the water restrictions. This is another stated effect of the drought even though it isn’t as obvious. What might be an implied effect? It is implied that the residents of the metropolitan counties are not happy about the restrictions. The “ burden ” mentioned could simply be an inconvenience, or it could be a financial burden due to increased water costs. These effects are implied, not stated.

8. Example 3 Look at the following example in your book on page 103. Look at the following example in your book on page 103. What is the cause and the effect ? What is the cause and the effect ? The cause is that the factory was built. The effect is that pollution skyrocketed. The cause is that the factory was built. The effect is that pollution skyrocketed.

9. Example 4 Look at the following example in your book on page 104. Look at the following example in your book on page 104. What is the cause and the effect ? What is the cause and the effect ? In this example, the effect is mentioned first. The effect is “I am not going to vote for Keesha for class president.” There are two causes given for this effect. First, she isn’t willing to fight for additional student parking. Second, she wants to shorten student pep rallies. In this example, the effect is mentioned first. The effect is “I am not going to vote for Keesha for class president.” There are two causes given for this effect. First, she isn’t willing to fight for additional student parking. Second, she wants to shorten student pep rallies. The stated causes and effects are shown above, but what is being implied about Keesha in this example? The stated causes imply an additional cause, that Keesha does not have the best interests of her classmates at the forefront of her campaign. An implied effect might be that since this one person feels this way, others will probably follow suit. The example does not come out and say these things, but it is implied or expressed indirectly. The stated causes and effects are shown above, but what is being implied about Keesha in this example? The stated causes imply an additional cause, that Keesha does not have the best interests of her classmates at the forefront of her campaign. An implied effect might be that since this one person feels this way, others will probably follow suit. The example does not come out and say these things, but it is implied or expressed indirectly.

10. Example 5 Look at the following example in your book on page 104. Look at the following example in your book on page 104. What is the cause and effect ? What is the cause and effect ? The cause in this example is that the river is becoming more and more polluted. In this example, there are two effects. The fish are not safe to eat, and drinking water purity is compromised. The cause in this example is that the river is becoming more and more polluted. In this example, there are two effects. The fish are not safe to eat, and drinking water purity is compromised.

11. Example 6 Look at the following example in your book on page 104. Look at the following example in your book on page 104. What is the cause and effect? What is the cause and effect? This example has several causes in both paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the car has no driver, which causes the damage to the rree and yard. In the second paragraph, the stated cause of Mr. Jones feeling tired and sleepy is working late. Seeing the police car causes him to go where the people are so he can report his car missing. The implied cause is that Mr. Jones is responsible for the whole incident because he probably forgot to engage the parking brake on his car. This example has several causes in both paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the car has no driver, which causes the damage to the rree and yard. In the second paragraph, the stated cause of Mr. Jones feeling tired and sleepy is working late. Seeing the police car causes him to go where the people are so he can report his car missing. The implied cause is that Mr. Jones is responsible for the whole incident because he probably forgot to engage the parking brake on his car.

12. Example 6 (Continued) In this example there are also several effects in both paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the stated effects are the car runs over petunias and strikes the tree. The implied effects are that the Smiths were startled awake by the car hitting the tree, and they are left wondering how it got there in the first place because it is locked, but no driver is inside. In the second paragraph, Mr. Jones is tired and sleepy from working late the night before, so working late is the stated effect. The implied effect of working late is that he probably didn’t put on his parking brake when he got home because he was too tired to remember it. In this example there are also several effects in both paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the stated effects are the car runs over petunias and strikes the tree. The implied effects are that the Smiths were startled awake by the car hitting the tree, and they are left wondering how it got there in the first place because it is locked, but no driver is inside. In the second paragraph, Mr. Jones is tired and sleepy from working late the night before, so working late is the stated effect. The implied effect of working late is that he probably didn’t put on his parking brake when he got home because he was too tired to remember it.

13. True or False If you agree with my statement say true. If you agree with my statement say true. If you disagree with my statement say false. If you disagree with my statement say false. Cause and effect relationships in writing tell why things happen ( causes ) and what happens as a result ( effect ). Cause and effect relationships in writing tell why things happen ( causes ) and what happens as a result ( effect ). The cause does not answer the question “Why did this happen?”. The cause does not answer the question “Why did this happen?”. The effect answers the question “What happened as a result?” The effect answers the question “What happened as a result?”

14. Activity Model cause and effect using the practice on page 105, #1. Model cause and effect using the practice on page 105, #1.

15. Guided Practice Turn to page 105 in the AHSGE workbook. Turn to page 105 in the AHSGE workbook. We will do # 2 together. We will do # 2 together. Are there any questions? Are there any questions? Time- You have 7 to 10 minutes to finish #’s 2-7 on pages 105-106. Time- You have 7 to 10 minutes to finish #’s 2-7 on pages 105-106. Do your best! Do your best! Review all answers. Review all answers.

16. Wrap Up Lesson Remediate: Remediate: 1. Cause and Effect P. 103 2. Keywords for Causes P. 103 3. Keywords for Effects P. 103 Today we focused on the AHSGE objective- cause and effect. Today we focused on the AHSGE objective- cause and effect.

17. Independent Work Take your lit journals and turn to the ___________section. Take your lit journals and turn to the ___________section. Read two chapters of “Whatever Happened to Cass McBride?” and complete the _______ section of your lit journal. Read two chapters of “Whatever Happened to Cass McBride?” and complete the _______ section of your lit journal. I will work with you individually during this time. I will work with you individually during this time. After 30 minutes we will come back together and reread the text, share our lit journals and review the SAT vocabulary. After 30 minutes we will come back together and reread the text, share our lit journals and review the SAT vocabulary.

18. The End You did a WONDERFUL job! I am very proud of you. Your hard work will pay off in the end! You did a WONDERFUL job! I am very proud of you. Your hard work will pay off in the end!