1. Fire and Cabin Safety Research … a Perspective Maher Khouzam Chief, Regulatory Standards Aircraft Certification Transport Canada The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

2.  Objective (or ‘why we do what we do..!’’)  The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..?  What has been done – the past…  What is being done – the present…  What will be done – the future…  ‘Who/why’ this Conference..?  Epilogue Overview Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004 2

3. Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’) Eliminate this: Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 3 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

4. Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)  Safety improving but… finite probability of accident/fatalities  Can/must continue to improve  Fire still single biggest ‘killer’  New challenges Considerations  Aviation is global cooperation essential cooperation essential need to harmonize need to harmonize  Regulations must be data-driven  Resources are limited Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 4 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

5.  1 st order / ‘High-Level’ objective: Eliminate accidents Eliminate accidents ideal… ideal…  2 nd order objective: Eliminate fatalities Eliminate fatalities Possible (to a degree…) Possible (to a degree…) Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’) Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 5 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

6. Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do’) Fire/Cabin Safety Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 6 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004 CargoCompts APUs CabinSafety FuelTanks IsolatedAreas Structure FireSafety Engines WheelWells

7.  Informal cooperation since early 80’s …triggered by Cincinnati/Manchester …triggered by Cincinnati/Manchester  Cabin Safety Research Technical Group (CSRTG) set up in 1994 by FAA, TCCA & JAA (CSRTG) set up in 1994 by FAA, TCCA & JAA to integrate cooperative activities to integrate cooperative activities  Now includes 7 active ‘partners’:  Model for other international R&D groups The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..? Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective FAA (US) FAA (US) JAA (Europe) JAA (Europe) TCCA (Canada) TCCA (Canada) CASA (Australia) CASA (Australia) JCAB (Japan) JCAB (Japan) CTA (Brazil) CTA (Brazil) IAC (CIS) IAC (CIS) 7 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

8. The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..? Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective  Areas of cooperation: (transport category aeroplanes)  Achievements: cooperative and complementary programs yielding cooperative and complementary programs yielding  ‘unified’ findings  effective use of resources  …harmonized standards joint publications joint publications 4 international Conferences 4 international Conferences materials fire safety materials fire safety systems fire safety systems fire safety evacuation evacuation crash dynamics crash dynamics operational issues operational issues (recently) security issues (recently) security issues 8 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

9. What has been done – the past Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective cabin crew behaviour in evacuation OSU/NBS cargo liners D-to-C PBE advanced fire-resistant materials cabin water mist various evacuation issues evacuation modeling 9 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004 impact injury criteria

10. What has been done – the past …it has made a difference! Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 10 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

11. What is being done – the present Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective halon replacement fuselage burnthrough evacuation modeling hidden materials’ flammability advanced fire-resistant materials T/A insulation flammability fuel tank inerting 11 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004 in-flight firefighting fire detection/modeling impact injury criteria/modeling

12. Considerations:  Commercial aviation world changing: bigger/different aeroplanes ( VLTA / blended wing, …) bigger/different aeroplanes ( VLTA / blended wing, …) more smaller transports more smaller transports aging fleet aging fleet increasing traffic increasing traffic composite structures composite structures security issues security issues  Systems’ approach  Benefit/cost effectiveness  Increased/broader cooperation  A major (recent) ‘driver’: SW-111 Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective What will be done – the future 12 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

13. What will be done – the future Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective hidden materials’ flammability enhanced evacuation modeling ‘intelligent’ fire detection ‘integrated’ fire suppression/inerting * passenger education / safety awareness advanced fire-resistant materials in-flight firefighting VLTA issues flammability of composite structures 13 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004 impact injury criteria/modeling

14. ‘Integrated’ fire suppression/inerting – a concept* Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective nitrogenseparationsystem oxygenseparationsystem watersystem cargoComp’ts fueltanks passengercabin engines wheelwells isolatedareas cockpit firesuppressingagent ( * by Richard G. Hill, FAATC) 14 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

15. Research tools  Benefit analysis  Benefit modeling  Risk analysis  Safety trend analysis  Accident Databases Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 15 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

16.  Organized by JAA/CSRTG to…  Present results of research (past, present and future) (past, present and future)  Share/exchange knowledge  Discuss research direction  Establish cooperation Who/why this Conference Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 16 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

17.  We’ve come a long way / many achievements  Improvements more difficult & costly but must pursue work must pursue work accidents still/will occur accidents still/will occur we face new challenges we face new challenges  Need to continue to cooperate  All have to be involved Epilogue Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 17 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

18. Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 18 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004  1 st order / ‘High-Level’ objective: Eliminate accidents Eliminate accidents ideal… ideal…  2 nd order objective: Eliminate fatalities Eliminate fatalities Possible (to a degree…) Possible (to a degree…) Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)

19. Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective “The greatest danger for most of us is not that our aim is too high and we miss it, but that it is too low and we reach it.” Michelangelo …and last, but far from being the least: 19 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

20. …far from being the least “ A Special Thank TO… “ Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective …now, over to you, 20 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

21. …far from being the least “ April..! ” Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective …now, over to you, 21 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

22. …far from being the least Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective …now, over to you, 22 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004 “Claude..!”

23. Over to you or, should I say: “over to all of us” - …as it’s up to all of us (regulators, manufacturers, researchers, etc.) to ‘make it happen’..! Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 23 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

24. Thank you..! Fire & Cabin Safety Research …a Perspective 24 The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004