1. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Location

2. LOCATION, MOVEMENT, MIGRATION Location – a place or position Movement – the act of changing place or position Migration – move from one country or area to another

3. Use the map to answer the questions

4. Questions and Answers 1.What region would you live in the U.S. if you wanted to work in a textile mill? Why? the Northeast because there are more factories located there 2. Would a sugar farmer do well in Ohio? Why or Why Not? No, because corn and wheat are the main crops 3. Where would a person live if they wanted to grow rice? along the coast of GA, SC, or NC near the Atlantic Ocean

5. Questions and Answers (cont.) 4.What type of work might a person living in Mississippi find? cotton farmer 5.What might happen if more people moved from New York to Illinois? more textile mills and manufacturing plants would be built; there would be less land to plant corn and wheat

6. Reasons an individual would migrate Push Factors Weather – Drought – Hurricanes – Earthquakes Economy – Few jobs – Low wages – No ownership of a business Government – No personal freedoms – Cannot vote Push Factors Religion – No religious freedom Medical Care – Few doctors – Few hospitals – Lack of insurance Opportunities – Entertainment limited – Shopping limited – Travel not allowed

7. Reasons an individual would migrate Pull Factors Weather – Long Summer – Short Winter – temperate Economy – More jobs – High wages – Ownership of a business Government – Many personal freedoms – Right to vote Pull Factors Religion – Religious freedom Medical Care – Good doctors – Good hospitals – Insurance Opportunities – Entertainment is good and varied – Shopping is good and varied – Travel allowed

8. 1. As water became locked up in the polar ice caps, sea levels dropped as much as 300 feet. The Bering Sea between Siberia and Alaska is no more than 180 feet deep and would have been dry land at those times. The land bridge, called Beringia, was open several times in the last sixty thousand years: During each of these periods, central and northwestern Alaska were ice free, and for 80% of the period from 10,000 to 30,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor between the eastern and western North American ice sheets that linked Alaska to the American Great Plains

9. It is estimated that sometime around 12,000 BCE, humans crossed the Bering Straits into present day Alaska thereby entering a part of the world humans had never before seen – North America. They came as explorers and settled the area all the way into the South American continent. They moved in!

10. 2. September 1939. Germany and Austria. The Nazi Government sets up the Office of Emigration in Vienna. There were more than 180,000 Jews in Austria in 1938. Jews are told to move out and by September of 1939, there were only about 60,000 remaining in Austria.

11. 3. Every year thousands of retirees aged 55 or older go to Arizona. They do not come to visit but to move in and settle down in this Southwestern state. The primary reason for moving is to take advantage of the milder winters and the active lifestyle offered.

12. Questions: 1.What activity is being introduced via these statements? Movement or migration 2.How are the activities described different? Do they all represent the same type of activity? Some are voluntary and some are involuntary (forced)

13. Pull Factors – Voluntary Migration Greater job opportunities Higher wages in urban areas Natural disasters don’t have as great an effect Better services like schools and housing Better medical facilities like hospitals, clinics Attraction of the “bright lights” – entertainment, television, computers, and radio are more accessible Government democracies Improved standard of living

14. Push Factors – Involuntary Migration Unemployment famine Poverty low wages Crop failure Natural disaster Poor medical services Plagues & epidemics War Religious persecution

15. Writing Activity Paragraph 1 Write a paragraph about a location that would pull you to migrate to a new location. Your paragraph should include: – Introduction sentence – Supporting detail 1 – Supporting detail 2 – Supporting detail 3 – Conclusion sentence Paragraph 2 Write a paragraph about a location that would push you to migrate to a new location. Your paragraph should include: – Introduction sentence – Supporting detail 1 – Supporting detail 2 – Supporting detail 3 – Conclusion sentence