1. An Introduction to Health Information Systems (HIS)

2. what is HIS?
Health Information System : One that supports all hospital functions and activities such as patient records, scheduling, administration, charge-back and billing, and often links to or includes clinical information systems such as RIS. (Radiology Information System )

3. ICT
Part of a HIS in which computer systems are used as ICT-tools (information and communication technology ) is referred to as its computer-supported part
The remainder is being referred to as the non-computer-supported part

4. what is HIS? the question is not
whether a hospital should be equipped with a hospital information system or not,
but an appropriate question would be ...
whether the performance should be enhanced, for example, by using state of the art ICT-tools
HIS must consider all areas of a hospital:
wards
outpatient units
service units (diagnostic, therapy, others)
administrative departments
management/executive units

5. what is HIS? HIS must consider all groups of persons physicians nurses
administrative staff
technical staff
health informaticians / health information managers
...
... and last, but not least,
patients
visitors
suppliers

6. What is a HIS? Definitions of HIS abound  Occram’s rule!
“an integrated effort to collect, process, report and use health information and knowledge to influence policy- making, programme action and research” WHO (2000) Guidance on Needs Assessment for National Health Information Systems Development.
“a set of interrelated components working together to gather, retrieve, process, store and disseminate information to support the activities of health system planning, control, coordination and decision-making, both in management and service delivery” Jack Smith, in: Health Management Information Systems – a handbook for decision makers. OUP, 2000.

7. Hospital Information System
Registration
Consulting
Ward
Nursing
Pharmacy
Stores & Purchase
Radiology
Laboratory
Blood Bank
Diet & Kitchen
And more...

8. Benefits of HIS Investment in HIS may result in many benefits (WHO):
helping decision makers to detect and control emerging and endemic health problems, monitor progress towards health goals, and promote equity;
empowering individuals and communities with timely and understandable health-related information, and drive improvements in quality of services;
strengthening the evidence base for effective health policies, permitting evaluation of scale-up efforts, and enabling innovation through research;
improving governance, mobilising new resources, and ensuring accountability in the way they are used.

9. Health Care Data Types of Health Care Data
Patient-Specific Data
Clinical Data
Administrative Data
Financial and Billing Data
Aggregate Health Care Data
Disease and Procedure Indexes
Cost Reports
Health Care Statistics
Outcome Measures and Balanced Scorecards

10. Health Care Information Systems
Foundational Terms & Definitions
NHIN – National Health Information Network
An Internet-based data exchange that will allow medical providers to share health data to improve care
Automated prescriptions
Accuracy of patient information

11. Foundational Terms & Definitions
RHIO (Regional Health Information Organization):
A regional organization of stakeholders enabling the exchange and use of health information to facilitate improvements in healthcare quality .

12. Foundational Terms & Definitions
EMR – Electronic Medical Record
An Electronic Medical Record facilitates:
access of patient data by clinical staff at any given location
accurate and complete claims processing by insurance companies
building automated checks for drug and allergy interactions
clinical notes
prescriptions
scheduling sending to and viewing labs

13. Informatics Terms and Definitions
PHR – Personal Health Record
The Personal Health Record (PHR) is an Internet-based set of tools that allows people to access and coordinate their lifelong health information and make appropriate parts of it available to those who need it.

14. Informatics Terms and Definitions
PHR’s offer an integrated and comprehensive view of health information, including information people generate themselves such as symptoms and medication use, information from doctors such as diagnoses and test results, and information from their pharmacies and insurance companies.

15. Individuals access their PHRs via the Internet, using state-of-the-art security and privacy controls, at any time and from any location.
Access on a local computer with download capabilities
Paper records

16. PHR
Family members, doctors or school nurses can see portions of a PHR when necessary and emergency room staff can retrieve vital information from it in a crisis.
People can use their PHR as a communications hub: to send to doctors, transfer information to specialists, receive test results and access online self-help tools. PHR connects each of us to the incredible potential of modern health care and gives us control over our own information.

17. Foundational Terms & Definitions
HIPAA Assurance:
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act mandates that healthcare providers and health plans protect the privacy of patient records; one implication for medical IT providers is that a VPN can be used to secure transmission of medical records over the Internet

18. Types of (health) information systems
Artificial Intelligence
Decision support systems, simulation systems, financial forecasting, performance assessment
Strategic information systems
Management information systems
Tactical information systems
Electronic patient records, payroll, invoicing systems, patient administration systems, purchasing/inventory, office automation
Operational information systems

19. Health information subsystems
A health information system can be considered to consist of several separate subsystems:
Data collection based on patient and service records and reporting from community health workers, health workers and health facilities
Programme-specific monitoring and evaluation (ex: EPI, Malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS)
Administration and resource management (budget, personnel, supplies)
Disease surveillance and outbreak notification
Data generated through household surveys (KPC, DHS)
Registration of vital events and censuses (births, deaths and causes of death)

20. HIS subsystems rarely interact

21. Development steps of HIS
GMIS
Geographical Management Information System
Clinical Information System
CIS
Management Information System
MIS

22. This information can be categorized as

24. Information will be used by the areas
Patient Administration
Clinical Management
Resource Management
Financial Management
Management Information System
And more…

25. Specialized Encoders MedLEE
Medical
Logic
Modules
Data Entry
& Results Review
Event
Monitor
Billing &
Financial
Laboratory
Specialized Encoders MedLEE
Pharmacy
Database
Interface
Medical
Entities
Dictionary
Radiology
Research
Databases
Patient
Database

26. HIS have the ability to link the following major players
Laboratories
Pharmacies
Researchers
Doctors and consultants
Banks and financial institutions
Administrators
And knowledge managers

27. HIS should provide
r information, primarily about patients, in a way that it is correct, pertinent and up to date, in time, accessible by the right persons at the right site in a usable format
r knowledge, primarily about diseases, but also, for example, about the effects of drug interaction, to support diagnosis and therapy
r information about the quality of patient care, hospital performance and costs