1. Year 10 GCSE Graphic Products Revision 2014 Summer exam

2. Aluminium packaging for food Lightweight Ductile Malleable = easily pressed into shape Good resistance to corrosion = will not rust Good strength to weight ratio Inert = will not react with the food contents Good conductor of heat = can be used to cook food products Can be printed on Durable Tough Impervious to liquid

3. Steel packaging for food Steel is a ferrous metal and will therefore rust Relatively heavy so costs more to transport than lighter materials Tough therefore it takes more energy / force to deform when shaping containers Needs to be plated with tin to stop food coming into contact with steel which adds an extra process Extra material required increases production costs

4. Advantages of Desk Top Publishing Changes can be made easily / edited. Able to see what it looks like before making it so that changes / errors can be corrected following feedback Zoom / edit features / tools are easily used for attention to detail / proofing / preview Font / typefaces can be tested out to suit the style of product / package Page layout grids / guides can be used to help position text / graphics / images Can get consumer feedback so that any changes can be made before making Documents can be saved electronically and sent to clients / printers Accurate testing of product to see if it works / is the correct size Reduced development time which saves money / gets product out to market faster Make many/multiple models for testing Templates / image libraries can be used saving time / not having to draw from scratch Lay planning can be used to help reduce waste Colour separations / ‘bleed’ areas can be generated to aid printing process

5. Expanded Polystyrene excellent impact resistance - it will absorb knocks / bumps / shock / being dropped / protect product lightweight - which means it will not cost too much to ship/post/transport / makes it easier to carry low water absorption - if it gets wet it will not soak up water and damage product easy to mould - allows for complex shapes to be protected Made from oil which is a finite resource Requires lots of energy to make Difficult to dispose of as it degrades slowly and fills landfill sites Gives off harmful fumes if burnt

6. Plastics – Vacuum Forming A lightweight shell is formed from plastic Hollow centres or cavities are formed in uniform shape Relatively cheap to produce the mould Surface textures and detail can be added Each product formed will be identical Moulds can be reused many times Suitable for batch production Cost effective Examples include egg boxes, packaging for chocolates, yoghurt pots, inserts for make up or toiletry gift sets

7. The mould is made from heat resistant material. The shape is tapered or chamfered to allow easy release. The mould is placed on the bed of the vacuum former and is lowered. The mould is raised and the HIPs plastic takes the shape of the mould. The air is removed with the vacuum which sucks air from underneath. The HIPS plastic then becomes pliable / soft. A heater is then applied onto the HIPS plastic. The HIPS plastic (High Impact Polystyrene) is secured onto the vacuum former.

8. Finishing techniques Other finishes include Embossing – creating a raised area within a design to stand out from the surface Varnishing / spot varnishing - A varnish is a liquid coating that is applied to a printed document. The varnish can be Glossy, Matte or Satin giving a variety of different finishes. Spot varnishing is used to highlight a small element of the design Laminating – applying a plastic coating to paper or board to add a finish (Glossy / matte / textured) and add strength. Hot foil blocking High quality / visual appearance /shiny gives it an increased value True reflective printing using foil that cannot be achieved with thermal inks Wasteful process / not environmentally friendly because only a little bit is used /printed out Specialist equipment is required and is an expensive process which adds to overall cost Heat involved which makes it a more expensive / time consuming process

9. Recycling Remember the 6Rs to help you : Reduce Reuse Recycle Repair Refuse Recover But remember you will not get marks just for listing these. You will need to give examples too. Recycled paper and board saves natural resources such as trees Reusing and recycling plastics reduces demand on finite resources such as oil Recycling means less pollution due to incineration and less waste going to landfill sites or less waste being dumped / fly tipping/ thrown into rivers Recovering and reusing materials reduces the impact on the environment /landscape by not having to mine for new raw materials Less damage caused to wildlife/protection of sites / species Health risks from the break down of toxic materials are reduced