1. Harvesting the Wind May 29, 2004 Presented by: Toronto Renewable Energy Co-operative WindShare

2. Overview  Wind Industry At Home & Abroad  Large Scale Wind Projects  Individual Applications  Community Power

3. The Wind Industry At Home & Abroad

4. Wind Energy Quick Facts Wind power is the world's fastest growing energy source with sustained growth rates in excess of 30% per year. Today's cost ranges between 8¢ to 12¢ per kWh. The technology has matured rapidly with typical reliability rates greater than 98%, making them on par with the reliability of a present-day farm tractor.

5. Wind Energy Quick Facts Currently, Canada has approx. 300 MW of installed capacity - enough to supply about 56,000 homes. The Canadian Wind Energy Association estimates that 20% of Canada’s energy could be supplied by wind. The Ontario wind industry could contribute at least 2,000-3,000 MW.

6. Canada lags the world in wind

7. And Ontario lags other provinces… Total Canada: 317 MW 14.6 MW

8. …In Spite of Great Potential 2,000-6,000 MW 5,000-16,000 GWh 3.5-11% of total demand 3,000 MW by 2010 Ontario Gov’t RFP for 300 MW of Green Power

9. Types of Wind Energy Systems Small-Scale Individual Large Utility Scale Common, proven technology Large number of blades for high torque Remote communities, small businesses 10 kW – 200 kW Typically not cost-competitive with grid-connection grid-connected 660 kW – 3 MW Competitive with traditional sources Mechanical/ Water pumping systems

10. Technology Most common technology - horizontal axis, 3 blade Horizontal Axis vs. Vertical Axis

11. Large Scale Projects

12. The Technology Has Come of Age 1970’s - 22 kW 2000’s – 1.8 MW

13. Grid-Connected Wind Turbines 30 m (100 ft) car Economies of scale heavily favour VERY large machines. 1.8 MW Ontario Power turbine can supply enough power for 600 homes every year.

14. Wind Farms Utility-sized machines are typically placed in arrays of 5-50 machines; “Wind Farms” Wind farms need large areas and need to be close to roads for construction and maintenance. Wind farms are therefore frequently built on farmers fields.

15. Steps in Wind Farm Development Wind, topographic maps Land option/lease agreements Wind Resource Assessment Environmental Assessment Permits Interconnect Study Power Purchase Contract Equipment Selection Financing Construction Operation –20-25 years Decommissioning

16. Issues in Ontario Market Transmission System Financial Incentives Planning Policy

17. Individual Applications

18. Wind Power applications Remote site (no grid) Back up Power – battery charging Water Pumping (large amounts) Hybrid systems – solar/diesel

19. Small-Scale Wind Energy Large Range of Options – 10 kW – 200 kW – Varying performance, reliability – Buyer Beware Higher Cost – May be attractive if cost savings are not primary driver, as capital costs typically start at $40,000 – Rule of Thumb: small wind power is cost effective when you pay more than $.12-.16/kWh on your electric bill

20. Considerations Siting: – Minimum 30ft above anything within 1/4 mile – Not on a building – Neighbours? Bylaws? Equipment: – Right turbine for your resource and needs – Tilt up or guyed towers Maintenance Some noise

21. Wind system cost chart

22. Wind Solar Hybrid Off grid Complimentary technologies Design system to demand/load Cost per watt high currently Good alternative when: – Remote area – High cost to bring line in

23. Grid Tied Wind Turbine puts power into control system, matches power with grid CSA approved inverter/controls Approval of utility No Batteries, less costly When grid goes down, so does your power

24. Net Metering Reduces the amount paid for electricity, but not service charges and debt charges Net metering permitted up to consumption level, not beyond Few grid tied systems in Ontario – High capital costs, regulations Changes required to make grid tied systems economical – policy announcement?

25. Community Power

26. What is Community Wind? Wind turbines locally-owned: – individually, co-operatively or collectively through a number of mechanisms Key is for the community to identify the turbines as their own Community has a sense of control and stake in their future

27. Why Community Wind?  Wind Power Co-operatives  Comprise a significant portion of energy generation markets in Europe and US  Are emerging in Ontario in several communities  Have potential to be significant part of Ontario’s emerging sustainable energy economy

28. Why do Community Wind?  Successful model: Denmark, Germany  Denmark – 20% power from wind, 80% in 1995 owned by co-ops and individuals  Local ownership = greater acceptance  UK 90% utility owned; higher rejection rate on planning approvals

29. Existing WPCs - Denmark Middelgrunden – 20 x 2 MW offshore turbines – 8500 members in the co-op own half the turbines (JV Copenhagen utility) – 40,500 shares sold for 570 Euros each ($805 Cnd = $32,602,500) – Co-ops sells power to utility

30. Existing WPCs - US Minnesota – MinWind I & II – Farmer initiative – Motivation: need for extra income, preserving their farms and communities – 2 partnerships with 2 turbines each – Open membership to folks from the community who are not farmers – Farmers raised $3.5 million in 12 days

31. WindShare Model – Investment Co-op  Joint Venture with THESI for 2 wind turbines  Partners invest in cost of turbine  Power sold to THESI  Members receive annual dividends  Share Offering:  $800K in shares for 1 st turbine  $300K raised in escrow for second turbine  Almost 600 members to date

32. CO2 offsets of up to 2.8 million tonnes/yr 94 metres 25 storeys   Production commenced Jan 21, 2003  Lagerwey 750 kW  Kick in speed of 2.8 m/s (11km/h)   Turbine output= ~1,400,000 kWh  Equivalent power for 250 homes

33. Other Emerging Co-ops Ontario Projects in development:  TradeWinds - Kingston  Picton County/Visionquest  Positive Power - Hamilton  LakeWind  “Co-op of co-ops”  Potential sites across ON  10-20 MW wind farms

34. Wind Power Workshops & Tours The Toronto Renewable Energy Co-op is developing workshops for schools and classes which highlight the power of wind and renewables as they relate to the Ontario curriculum Tours of the Ex Place turbine are also available through TREC

35. Resources Workshops – OSEA (www.ontario-sea.org) – Kortright Centre (www.kortright.org) Internet – www.windshare.ca – www.trec.on.ca – www.canwea.ca – www.wind-works.org Distributors and Dealers – CanSIA, CanWEA Books – Paul Gipe

36. Contact David Timm Toronto Renewable Energy Co-operative 401 Richmond Street West, Suite 401 Toronto, ON M5V 3A8 416-977-5093 dtimm@trec.on.ca