1. Assessment of biomass production Partner N° 8 Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Folie 1

2. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 2 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding How to spend our time? Reasons for the assessment of biomass Material and methods Results of the questionnaire Results of the literature review Summary of results Proposal for the discussion on common protocols

3. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 3 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Assessment of biomass production in forestry Production of timber traditionally assessed by calculation or estimation of volume in m³ Volume mainly related to timber usable for paper and wood industry With exception of stem, other parts of trees normally not considered Relatively sophisticated methods established

4. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 4 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Assessment of biomass production in short rotations Assessment or estimation of total biomass produced at the same or different sites mainly in tonnes of absolutely dry weight Compared to agriculture, biomass production can not easily be assessed by complete harvest of the growing stock since production time is several years Assessment by harvest of parts of the plantation or by spot samples Development of suitable, non-destructive methods

5. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 5 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Assessment of biomass production in science and breeding Assessment of yield to compare productivity of different sites, management methods a. o. using standardized material Assessment of response of species, provenances, progenies, clones to various environmental factors Assessment of data for development of non-destructive estimation methods Tool for early testing

6. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 6 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Material and methods 1st questionnaire Arezzo, Italy Survey on activities 2nd questionnaire by email Confirmation of information given in Arezzo Addition of species Request for literature esp. with methodological aspects Literature review Literature and protocols sent by participants Literature sources already known

7. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 7 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of questionnaires 1st questionnaire Arezzo, Italy 27 of 28 participants could be asked 65 % (N=17/27): No experience with assessment of biomass 35 % (N=10/27): Experience with assessment of biomass 2nd questionnaire by email 23 of 28 participants (82 %) answered until 03.09.2009 52 % (N=12/23): Experience with assessment of biomass 67 % (N= 8/12): Literature and protocols sent

8. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 8 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of questionnaires 7 species of interest mentioned Poplar: 58 % (N= 7/12) Willow: 25 % (N= 3/12) Beech, Chest nut, Robinia, Norway spruce, Scots pine: 8 % each (N= 1/12)

9. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 9 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Species 22 publications and protocols included 8 species of interest mentioned Poplar: 32 % (N= 7/22) Willow: 18 % (N= 4/22) Beech: 18 % (N= 4/22) Scots pine: 9 % (N= 2 /22) Chest nut, Robinia, Norway spruce, Silver fir: 5 % each (N= 1/22) other species not specified: 5 % each (N= 1/22)

10. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 10 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Material and sample size SpeciesMaterialSample-SizeSamplingReference PoplarClones (1-3a) 5–25 trees/cloneCenter treesPontailler et al. 1997 AspenFull sibs, clones (10a) 6 trees/progenyd1,3 rangeLiesebach et al. 1999 PoplarClones (4a; 7a) 5 shoots/clone; 10 shoots/clone basal area range; randomly Laureysens et al. 2004a, b PoplarClones (3-9a) 25 trees/cloned1,3 rangeRoehle et al. 2006 PoplarClones (age not specified) 15 trees/clone out of 30 trees Randomly at each meter Gautry 2009

11. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 11 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Material and sample size SpeciesMaterialSample-SizeSamplingReference WillowClones (1a)6-15 trees/clone; 2-3 trees/plot Not specifiedWeih & Nordh 2002 WillowClones (3-8a/1-5a) 25 trees/cloned1,3 rangeRoehle et al. 2006 BeechOpen polls (2a) 7 seedlings/ treatment Not specifiedMadsen 1994 BeechOpen polls (11a) 4-8 trees/ provenance Min., max., average d1,3 Gellrich et al. 2001 BeechOpen polls (2-4a) 3 x 15 seedlings/ test site RandomlyWolf, Riemer 2001 BeechOpen polls (54d) 15 seedlings/ treatment Not specifiedLöf et al. 2005

12. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 12 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Material and sample size SpeciesMaterialSample-SizeSamplingReference Chest nut Open polls (1 a) 20 seedlings/ treatment CompletePliura & Eriksson 2002 RobiniaOpen polls (35a?) Trees, not specified Not specifiedOravec 2008 Norway spruce Full sibs (4a) 5 seedlings/ progeny Not specifiedParnuta 2008 Scots pine Open polls (12 a) 3 trees/ provenance Not specifiedOleksyn et al. 1999 Silver firOpen polls (6 a) 10 seedlings/ provenance CompleteLarsen & Mekic 1991 Other species Not further spec. 15 trees/clone out of 30 trees Randomly at each meter Gautry 2009

13. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 13 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Handling and drying SpeciesMaterialHandlingDryingReference PoplarClones (1-3a) Stem80°C until constant weight Pontailler et al. 1997 AspenFull sibs, clones 10a) Parts of stem105°C until cwLiesebach et al. 1999 PoplarClones (4a; 7a) Stem, branches; Leaves, bark, wood (stem, branches) 105°C until cw; 60°C; 75°C Laureysens et al. 2004 PoplarClones (3-9a) Total mass, minced105°C until cwRoehle et al. 2006 PoplarClones (age not specified) Stem parts, branches >7cm, branches <7cm, leaves Not specifiedGautry 2009

14. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 14 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Handling and drying SpeciesMaterialHandlingDryingReference WillowClones (1a) Roots, shoots, cuttings, leaves 70°C, 48hWeih & Nordh 2002 WillowClones (3-8a/1-5a) Total mass, minced105°C until cwRoehle et al. 2006 BeechOpen polls (2a) Roots, stem, branches, leaves, buds 60°C, 72hMadsen 1994 BeechOpen polls (11a) Total mass, minced105°C until cwGellrich et al. 2001 BeechOpen polls (2-4a) Roots, stem, leaves105°C, 16hWolf, Riemer 2001 BeechOpen polls (54d) Roots, leaves, stem70°C, 48hLöf et al. 2005

15. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 15 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Handling and drying SpeciesMaterialHandlingDryingReference Chest nutOpen polls (1 a) Roots, stem, leaves 45°C, 48h, then 80°C, 24h Pliura & Eriksson 2002 RobiniaOpen polls (35a?) Not specified Oravec 2008 Norway spruce Full sibs (4a) Roots, stem, branches, needles 104°C, 48hParnuta 2008 Scots pine Open polls (12 a) Stem, branches, needles Not specifiedOleksyn et al. 1999 Scots pine Open polls (12 a) Roots > 2mm, roots < 2mm 65°C, 7dOleksyn et al. 1999

16. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 16 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Handling and drying SpeciesMaterialHandlingDryingReference Silver firOpen polls (6 a) Roots, needles, top 105°C, 24hLarsen & Mekic 1991 Other species Trees not futher spec. (age not spec.) Stem parts >7cm, branches >7cm, dead, alive branches <7cm, leaves Not specifiedGautry 2009

17. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 17 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Results of literature review: Summary Genetic background: Clones, full-sibs, open polls Material used: Cuttings, seedlings, trees Age of material: 54d to 35a; 67 % 1 to 10a; 19 % > 10a Handling: All parts of plants Drying temperatures: 45°C to 105°C Drying periods: 16h to one week (7d) or until constant weight

18. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 18 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Proposal for common protocol Sample size Genetic background (clones < full-sibs < open polls) Age of material (under 1a > 1 to 10a > over 10a) Sampling procedure Covering range of e. g. d1,3 or basal area Randomly e. g. each third plant Should be noted anyway Handling procedure Fresh weight should also be assessed separately for every compartment investigated

19. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 19 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Proposal for common protocol Drying temperatures depending on further use: If chemical analyses are required: e. g. 45°C (leaves, needles, bark) (look also to the analyses protocol) If parts of plants should not be pulverized e. g. fine roots: 60 to 75°C If there is no further use: 104°C +- 1K (ISO – guidelines) Drying periods: In every case until constant weight

20. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 20 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Proposal for common protocol Documentation step by step Genetic background Kind of material Age of material Sampling size and procedure Handling of samples Drying temperature and reasoning Drying period

21. Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Forstwirtschaft Author: Heino Wolf 21 Department: Forest Genetics/Tree Breeding Now it is on you!! Screaming, dancing, shouting??? Asking, discussing, developing!!! Thank you very much