1. CELL STRUCTURE Jan Homolak, 2nd year
School of Medicine, Zagreb 4/28/2014
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

2. The Cell Discovery The Cell Theory The Cell Types Parts of the Cell

3.  Cella = small room

4. Cell Discovery
Robert Hooke - observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells)
Microphagia - described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells)
1665

6. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
first person to observe living cells
1675

7. Cell Theory come only from existing cells
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF
basic units of structure and function
come only from existing cells

8. Matthias Schleiden (1838) -all plants are composed of cells
Theodor Schwann (1839) - all animals are composed of cells
Rudolph Virchow (1855) - cells come only from other cells

9. ??? The largest cell in the human body?
The smallest cell in the human body?
The largest cell on earth?
The smallest cell?
which cell is the most abundant in the human body? There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells.
 the female ovum
male sperm (175,000 sperm cells weigh as much as a single egg cell)
an ostrich egg
 a tiny bacteria

10. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
true nucleus
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Bacteria

12. Parts of the Cell taking food transforming food into energy
getting rid of wastes
reproducing

13. Cell Membrane
Structure: - phospholipid bilayer - proteins: - channels - markers - receptors
Function: “selectively permeable boundary between the cell and the external environment”

14. Nucleus Structure: a sphere
Function: -storage center of cell DNA -manages cell functions

15. Cytoplasm Structure: - gelatin-like fluid - inside the cell membrane
Function: -contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules
-surrounds the organelles

16. Cytoskeleton
Structure: -network of thin, fibrous elements microtubules microfilaments (actin)
Function: -support system -maintains cell shape

17. Ribosomes Structure: -two subunits made of protein and RNA
Function: -protein synthesis

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure: -a system of membranous tubules and sacs
Function: -”intercellular highway”
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

19. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered with ribosomes
Protein synthesis and export

20. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxic substances

21. Golgi Apparatus Structure: -stacked flat sacs
Function: -distribution of received proteins (to other organelles or out of the cell)
(receiving, processing, packaging, and shipping)

22. Mitochondria Structure: -folded membrane within an outer membrane
Function: - energy conversion (food -> ATP)

23. Lysosomes Structure: -spherical organelles
Function: -contain hydrolytic enzymes

24. Peroxisomes Structure: -spherical organelles
Function: -degrade hydrogen peroxide (toxic metabolic compound)

25. Centrioles
Structure: -nine sets of triplet microtubules -arranged in a ring
Function: -cell division (mitosis)