1. Sexuality: Choices in Sexual Behavior
Chapter 6
Sexuality: Choices in Sexual Behavior

2. Objectives
Define sexual identity and discuss the major components of sexual identity, including biology, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
Identify major features and functions of sexual anatomy and physiology.
Discuss the options available to express one’s sexuality.
Classify sexual dysfunctions and describe major disorders.

3. Your Sexual Identity
Sexual identity – the recognition and acknowledgement of oneself as a sexual being, is determined by a complex interaction of genetic, physiological, environmental, and social factors.

4. Circles of Sexuality
Figure 6.1

5. Gender Socialization Gender identity Gender role Androgyny
Transgendered

6. Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual
Homosexual
Bisexual
Transsexual

7. Analyzing Sexual Preferences
Table 6.1

8. Sexual Anatomy Female sexual anatomy and physiology External genitals
Mons pubis
Labia minor
Labia major
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Hymen
Perineum

9. ABC News: Love and Sexuality
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| Love and Sexuality

10. ABC News: Love and Sexuality
Discussion Questions:
Are you surprised by the high percentage of women who say that they are sexually unsatisfied? Why or why not?
Why do you think so many women have difficulty expressing their needs and desires during sexual intercourse?
Discuss some of the statements that women shared as to what they thought the opposite sex should know about them.

11. Sexual Anatomy Female sexual anatomy and physiology Internal genitals
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

12. External Female Genital Structures
Figure 6.2

13. Side View Of Female Reproductive Organs
Figure 6.3

14. The Onset Of Puberty And The Menstrual Cycle
Puberty: when the female reproductive system matures and a female begins to menstruate.
Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland secrete chemicals to begin the process.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signals the pituitary gland to release gonadotropin hormones, especially follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
FSH and LH signal ovaries to start producing estrogen and progesterone.
These hormones also cause menarche, or the first menstrual cycle

15. FSH and LH stimulate maturation of the ovarian follicle – the part of the ovary where eggs develop
While follicles mature, they begin to produce estrogen, which in turn signals the lining of the uterus, the endometrium, to grow and develop, or proliferate
On or around the 14th day of the cycle an ovum is released into the fallopian tube – this is called ovulation
After ovulation the ovarian follicle (part of the ovary where the eggs develop) is turned into corpus luteum
If fertilization occurs, the endometrial tissue will become a nesting place for the developing embryo
w/o fertilization, the egg disintegrates after 72 hours

16. Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle: approximately 28 days long. Consists of 3 phases:
Proliferative phase: first phase; begins with the end of menstruation, when the egg is released into the fallopian tube (ovulation – approx day 14)
Secretory phase: second phase; after ovulation, endometrium continues to prepare for a fertilized egg
Menstrual phase: final phase; endometrium sloughs off and estrogen and progesterone levels decline in response to no fertilization taking place

17. The Four Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Figure 6.4

18. Hormonal Control Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Figure 6.5

19. Menstrual Problems
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – characterized by mood changes and physical symptoms in some women during 1 or 2 weeks prior to menstruation
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) – more severe symptoms of PMS
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) – the result of bacterial infection facilitated by tampon and diaphragm use
Dysmenorrhea – condition that causes discomfort in the lower abdominal just before or after menstruation

20. Menopause
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation generally occurring between the ages of Average age is 51 years old
Results from declining estrogen levels and can cause vaginal dryness, hot flashes, headaches and joint pain
Menopausal women may see an increase in risk of heart disease and osteoporosis
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has long been prescribed to reduce menopausal symptoms and risk of heart disease and osteoporosis.
Recent findings suggest the HRT may increase risk of breast cancer, stroke, heart attack and blood clots.

21. Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External male genitals
Penis
Scrotum
Internal male genitals
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Urethra
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Cowper’s gland

22. Side View Of The Male Reproductive Organs
Figure 6.6

23. Human Sexual Response Stages of sexual response Excitement/arousal
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

24. Comparison of Male And Female Sexual Response
Figure 6.7a

25. Comparison of Male And Female Sexual Response (continued)
Figure 6.7b

26. Sexual Response Among Older Adults
Women
Post menopause changes include:
Less elastic skin
Internal organs shrink
Vaginal walls become thinner
Decreased vaginal lubrication
Men
Require more direct and prolonged stimulation to achieve erection
Erection is less firm
Decrease intensity of ejaculation

27. Sexual Behavior: What Is Normal?
Common sociocultural standards in Western culture:
The heterosexual standard
The coital standard
The orgasmic standard
The two-person standard
The romantic standard
The safer sex standard

28. Options For Sexual Expression
Celibacy
Autoerotic behaviors
Sexual fantasies
Masturbation
Kissing and erotic touching
Manual stimulation
Oral-genital stimulation
Cunnilingus
Fellatio
Vaginal intercourse
Anal intercourse

29. Variant Sexual Behavior
Group Sex: more than 2 people
Transvestism: wearing clothes of opposite sex
Fetishism: arousal looking/touching inanimate objects
Exhibitionism: exposure of one’s genitals to strangers
Voyeurism: observing other people for sexual gratification
Sadomasochism: sexual gratification inflicting pain
Pedophilia: illegal sexual activity btwn adult and child
Autoerotic asphyxiation: practice of reducing oxygen to the brain while masturbating to orgasm.

30. Sexual Dysfunction Sexual desire disorders
Inhibited Sexual Desire (ISD) - lack of sexual appetite or lack of interest and pleasure in sexual activity
Sexual Aversion Disorder – sexual phobias and anxiety over any sexual contact
Sexual arousal disorders - erectile dysfunction
Causes of impotence are varied
Impotence becomes more a problem in men over 65
Orgasm disorders – premature ejaculation men, inability of woman to reach orgasm

31. Sexual Dysfunction Sexual Pain Disorders:
Dyspareunia – pain experienced by female during intercourse – can by physical or psychological
Vaginismus – state where vaginal muscles contract so forcefully that penile insertion is painful or impossible

32. Drugs And Sex
Alcohol reduces inhibitions but inhibits sexual response – the mind is willing but the body is not
“Date rape” drugs like rohypnol, “roofies”, GHB, “liquid X” and ketamine “K” are used to facilitate rape. When combined with alcohol, they greatly increase drunkenness and are used on unsuspecting females who generally do not remember what happened.
Use caution when accepting a “free” drink from a stranger at a bar.