1. The process of meiotic cell division in a human male usually forms
Aim: How are humans adapted
for sexual reproduction?
Do Now
The process of meiotic cell division in a human male usually forms
one diploid cell, only
four diploid cells
one monoploid cell, only
four monoploid cells
HW:
Castle learning “Reproduction”

2. Humans have: Reproductive systems Two versions:
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system

3. refers to the ovaries in females and testes in males
The term gonads
refers to the ovaries in females and testes in males

4. The main functions of the system is to produce and deliver sperm
Male Reproductive System
An organ system that is controlled by the endocrine system and it’s hormones
This system allows for sexual reproduction
The main functions of the system is to produce and deliver sperm

5. The main structures of the male reproductive system are the
testes
epididymis
vas deferens
urethra
penis
Regulated by the hormones:
FSH – follicle stimulating hormone
LH – Lutenizing Hormone
These hormones stimulate the production of
Testosterone

7. Epididymis Vas Deferens
Structure that is responsible for storing sperm before leaving the organism
Vas Deferens
A.K.A. sperm ducts
Tube used for sperm transport
Merges with the urethra

8. A tube that is responsible for two functions:
Urethra
A tube that is responsible for two functions:
Elimination of urine
Elimination of semen
Leads to the outside of the body
Located in the center of the penis

9. Penis Male sex organ Extends off of the lower abdominal cavity
Consists of erectile tissue
Function – deposition of the semen inside the female reproductive tract

10. Glands Seminal Vesicle Prostate Gland Cowper's Gland ?????
Produce and secrete a nutrient rich fluid called seminal fluid
When the sperm and the seminal fluid combine it forms a fluid known as semen

11. Which process is represented
by the diagram?
fertilization
production of gametes
cloning
evolution

12. A male sex hormone is produced within
structure A
structure B
structure E
structure F

13. Which statements are correct?
When asked to relate the terms sperm, scrotum, testes, and zygote, a student wrote the statements below.
(A) They all contain homologous pairs of chromosomes. (B) The location of the testes within the scrotum aids in the production of sperm needed for zygote formation. (C) Mitotic cell division in involved in the formation of the testes and scrotum, and meiosis is involved in the production of sperm, which is involved in the formation of a zygote. (D) Formation of the testes, scrotum, and sperm occurs in human males; zygote formation occurs in females.
Which statements are correct?
A, B, and D, only
B, C, and D, only
B and D, only
A, B, C, and D

14. How are females adapted for sexual reproduction?
GIRLS: We run the WORLD!!

15. **There would be no perpetuation of life**
Female Reproductive System
An organ system that is controlled by the endocrine system and it’s hormones
This system allows for sexual reproduction
The main functions of the system is to produce an egg for continuation the life
**There would be no perpetuation of life**

16. Ovary/Ovaries Are egg-producing reproductive organs
often found in pairs
Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males
Ovaries are oval shaped and, in the human, measure approximately 3 cm

17. Contain approximately 250,000 immature eggs, called follicles, at birth
Once follicles mature and are released they are called ova/ovum.

18. OVIDUCTS A.K.A. Fallopian Tubes
two very fine tubes leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus
In humans, the Fallopian tubes are about 7–14 cm long and
as “thick” as three strands of hair
Function: Transport egg to the uterus

19. UTERUS A.K.A. the womb Muscular organ
Connected to the fallopian tubes and the vagina
* Outside of pregnancy, its size in humans is several centimeters in diameter

20. Function
accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into the uterine wall
Obtains nourishment from blood vessels for the developing embryo

21. CERVIX
The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina
During menstruation the cervix stretches open slightly to allow
the uterine wall to be shed
During childbirth, contractions of the uterus will dilate the cervix up to 10 cm in diameter to allow the fetus to pass through.

22. VAGINA
A.K.A. Birth Canal
is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female mammals
Functions: acts as a canal for fetus to exit the mother and location for semen to be deposited

23. LABEL

24. Summary: Label the diagrams below

25. Summary continued Which two glands in the diagram produce gametes?
glands A and B
glands B and E
glands C and F
glands E and F

26. This structure releases estrogen into the circulatory system.

27. Menstruation involves the periodic shedding of the lining of
Structure 1
Structure 2
Structure 3
Structure 4

28. AIM: How does the female
menstrual cycle work?
DID YOU KNOW>>>the ovum is the largest cell of the body (with a diameter of about 0.5 mm)
Do Now:
Handout

29. Menstrual Cycle
is a recurring cycle of physiologic changes that occurs in reproductive age females of several mammals
28 days
Frequency – approximately ___________
Named is derived from the latin word menses which means month

30. The menstrual cycle is under the control of the hormone system and is necessary for reproduction
What "horomone system"?
The Endocrine system

31. Phases of the menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle may be divided into several phases. The length of each phase varies from woman to woman and cycle to cycle.
Phases of the menstrual cycle
Menstruation
Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase

36. Menstruation Menstruation is also called menstrual bleeding, a period
regular menstruation that lasts for a few days usually 3 to 5 days
the average blood loss during menstruation is 35 milliliters

37. FOLLICULAR PHASE the lining of the uterus thickens
stimulated by gradually increasing amounts of estrogen
Follicles in the ovary begin developing
after several days one or occasionally two follicles become dominant (non-dominant follicles atrophy and die)
The dominant follicle releases an ovum or egg in an event called ovulation

38. OVULATION
When the egg has matured, it triggers the release of luteinizing hormone (LH).
In the average cycle this LH surge starts around cycle day 12 and may last 48 hours.
The release of LH matures the egg and weakens the wall of the follicle in the ovary. This process leads to ovulation: the release of the now mature ovum
The egg is swept into the fallopian tube

39. Luteal phase
After ovulation, the residual follicle transforms into the corpus luteum
The corpus luteum is the solid body formed in the ovaries
This corpus luteum will produce progesterone in addition to estrogens for approximately the next 2 weeks

40. Progesterone plays a vital role in preparing the uterine wall to wither support a pregnancy or to be secreted
In the absence of a pregnancy, progesterone levels fall. This will set the stage for the next cycle…..
Progesterone withdrawal leads to menstrual shedding
If fertilization of an egg has occurred, it will travel to the uterine cavity and implant itself 6 to 12 days after ovulation.