1. Bellringer 10/07 What do you think this cartoon is about?
What do you think is happening?

2. The Story of Cells

3. What are we made of?

4. What are cells? The Building Blocks of Life
The cell is the smallest structural unit capable of performing life functions.

5. Cell Trivia
The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!
It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”

6. Discovery of Cells
1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork (bark of tree)
He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb
He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi

7. The Microscope!
1673- Anton von Leuwenhoek, invented the microscope and observed pond scum and discovered single celled organisms
He called them “animalcules”
He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans
Therefore, it was known that cells are found in animals as well as plants

8. More history…
1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells
1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.
1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must start from preexisting cells (BIOGENESIS)

9. Where does life come from?
Old Theory - Spontaneous Generation
Life spontaneously happens:
Life comes from non-life
Examples:
Mice from cloth sacks and grains.
Maggots from rotting meat.
REALLY?

10. Where does life come from?
Much doubt existed around Spontaneous Generation
Conclusively disproved by Louis Pasteur
Ummm, I don’t think so!!! ? = +

11. Where does life come from?
1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.
Biogenesis – Life can only be formed from existing life.

12. The Compound Light Microscope
Lenses
Light
We’ll be using it!!!
Up to x1500

13. Our Microscope…

14. The Electron Microscope
Biggest magnification
(X 2,000,000)
2 types
(SEM and TEM)

15. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The Cell is the smallest working unit of living things.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.

16. Basic Parts of a Cell All cells have certain structures in common.
1. Nucleus- contains genetic material (DNA)
2. Cytoplasm – a semifluid matrix (like the eggwhite of an egg)
3. Plasma membrane – a phospholipid bilayer- like the shell of an egg
4. Organelles- specialized structures in the cytoplasm

17. 1st Look at THE CELL!!!

18. Examples of Cells
Amoeba
Plants
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

19. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukeryotic
REMEMBER US

20. Prokaryotic Cells Do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles
Few internal structures (organelles)
Usually one-celled organisms like bacterias

21. Eukaryotic Cells
They do contain a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles and are more complex.
May be unicellular or multicellular
Animal
Plant

22. “Typical” Animal Cell

23. “Typical” Plant Cell

24. BELLRINGER 10/15 WHAT ORGANELLE PRODUCES ENERGY IN THE CELL?
WHAT ORGANELLE CONTAINS CHROLOPHYL?
WHAT ORGANELLE PACKAGES SUBSTANCES IN THE CELL?
WHAT ORGANELLE CONTAINS RIBOSOMES?

25. Organelles

26. Surrounding the Cell

27. Cell Membrane (Animal and Plant)
Outer membrane boundary of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer with pores (holes)

28. Cell Wall (Plant) Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
Rigid (tough), outside the cell membrane
Contains cellulose

29. Inside the Cell

30. Nucleus (Plant and Animal)
Directs cell activities- the brain of the cell
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane (envelope)
Contains chromatin (DNA)

31. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Animal and Plant)
Highly folded membrane that produces, transports proteins
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface

32. Ribosomes (Plant and Animal)
Each cell contains thousands
Make proteins
Found on ribosomes, nuclear envelope & floating throughout the cell

33. Mitochondria (Plant and Animal)
Produces energy (ATP) through chemical reactions
Highly folded membranes
Has its own DNA

34. Golgi Apparatus (Plant and Animal)
Protein 'packaging plant'
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell
Flat tube system

35. Lysosomes (Animal)
Digestive factory and breaks down waste (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) with enzymes
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

36. Vacuoles (Plant and Animal)
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water
Help plants maintain shape
Many small in animal, 1 big one in plant cells

37. Chloroplast (Plant) Found in plant cells
Contains chlorophyll (gives color green to plants)
Where photosynthesis takes place (plants make own food from light energy)

38. Centrioles (Animal) Only in animal cells
Play role in cell division (mitosis)
Organize microtubules in bundles
Make up the centrosome (near the nucleus)

39. Cillia and Flagella (Animal and Prokaryotes)
Mostly in unicellular organisms (animal only) and bacteria
For movement and fluid transport
Cilia = many little hairs on the cell body
Flagella = few/one tail(s)

40. Cytoskeleton (Plant and Animal)
Network of rods (microtubule) and filaments (microfilaments)
Gives cell support, structure and shape
Involved in cell division (mitosis) and transport

41. The BIG Picture again! QUIZ TIME!!!!
USE THE FOLLOWING SLIDES and your NOTES to answer the following…
Identify the cells that follow.
Identify 3 organelles that exist in BOTH plant and animal cells.
Identify 2 organelles that exist ONLY in an animal cell.
Identify 2 organelles that exist ONLY in a plant cell.
What is the difference between cilia and flagella?
Identify 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

44. QUIZ TIME

45. Let’s compare…