1. The Cell as a Factory 7.3 Basic Cell Structures & What They Do

2. Drill December 4, 2008 The CEO of a large corporation has hired you to manage one of the company factories. Decide what things must be included in this factory in order for it to efficiently operate and manufacture a product. The CEO of a large corporation has hired you to manage one of the company factories. Decide what things must be included in this factory in order for it to efficiently operate and manufacture a product. Work with a partner to make a list of items in your notebook of things that you would include. Work with a partner to make a list of items in your notebook of things that you would include. Rolf Eckrodt – President and CEO of Mitsubishi Motors

3. Objectives: At the conclusion of this three day lesson you will be able to: Explain why a cell is like a tiny factory. Explain why a cell is like a tiny factory. List, label, and describe the functions of the parts of a typical eukaryotic animal cell. List, label, and describe the functions of the parts of a typical eukaryotic animal cell. Explain how a cell conducts all the processes of living things, just on a smaller scale. Explain how a cell conducts all the processes of living things, just on a smaller scale.

4. A Virtual Factory Tour First, your factory needs a building. building What kind of building should you have? Will all factory buildings be the same? What features should your building have? Windows? Doors? Loading dock? Security? What kind of building should you have? Will all factory buildings be the same? What features should your building have? Windows? Doors? Loading dock? Security? Copyright 2002 JTC Corporation

5. This Building Needs Structure Your factory has supports and internal framework that gives the building shape. supportsinternal framework supportsinternal framework Kam Kiu factory photos

6. Controlling the Factory Next, you need a control center to organize what happens at your factory. control center control center Where should the control center be located? Where should the control center be located? What things might be inside the control center? What things might be inside the control center? Asia Pulp & Paper Co. Ltd. Control Room Copyright 2004 SPG Media Limited a subsidiary of SPG Media Group PLCCopyright

7. What Are You Going to Make? Your factory makes a product. In order to know how to make this product a set of blueprints are used. blueprints Why do you need to use blueprints? Why do you need to use blueprints? What kind of information can be found in blueprints? What kind of information can be found in blueprints? Blueprint rolls ©Copyright 1996 City of Simi Valley. ISS Hidalgo blueprints Copyright ©1977-2004 Far Future Enterprises.

8. You Need POWER! Every factory needs a power plant that generates the energy needed to run the machinery. power plant power plant Where might a factory get power? Where might a factory get power? Why is it helpful for each factory to have its own power plant nearby? Why is it helpful for each factory to have its own power plant nearby?

9. What Are You Working With? Every product is made from raw materials. raw materialsraw materials

10. Manufacturing Your Product WorkersWorkers operate machines that assemble your product. machines Workers machines Why would a factory need many machines and workers? Does each machine make the entire product or just a small part? © Elkhorn Everbrite Corporation

11. Putting the Pieces Together Factories have assembly lines where machines or workers put together the parts of a product. assembly lines assembly lines Some assembly lines transport products. Some package products. © Elkhorn Everbrite Corporation National Automobile Dealers Association

12. Getting The Product Right Before they can be shipped, products must be sorted modified, packaged, and distributed properly. sorted modified, packaged, and distributedsorted modified, packaged, and distributed Why are these jobs important to our factory? Why are these jobs important to our factory? What might happen if these jobs were done incorrectly? What might happen if these jobs were done incorrectly? packaging machine - © 1999-2004 Packexpo.com All rights reserved. Boxes © Chriscott Supply Co. Warehouse © WSL Corporation

13. Packing Products must be packed in a box or container before they are shipped. packed in a box or container packed in a box or container

14. Shipping Products must be shipped from your factory to their destination. shipped Where might your products be shipped? Where might your products be shipped? How might your products be shipped? How might your products be shipped?

15. Waste Disposal Excess materials or damaged products must be discarded into the waste disposal. waste disposalwaste disposal What would happen if waste materials were allowed to build up and sit around the factory? What would happen if waste materials were allowed to build up and sit around the factory? © Tom Mathews

16. What You Need To Run A Factory building supports/ internal framework control center blueprints power plant raw materials machines/ workers assembly line packing centers packing/ boxes trucks/ shipping vehicles waste disposal

17. HOMEWORK Draw a floorplan/ layout of your factory. Include all of the essential items discussed today in class from the list “What You Need To Run A Factory.” Be creative, but accurate. Use the entire 8 ½ x 11” piece of paper. Guidelines are in your homework packet.

18. Drill December 9, 2008 Take out the floor plan of your factory. Compare it with another student. Make sure that you have included all items from the list at the right. building supports/ internal framework control center blueprints power plant raw materials machines/ workers assembly line packing centers packing/ boxes trucks/ shipping vehicles waste disposal

19. A Typical Animal Cell

20. Plasma Membrane “Building” It is a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell’s contents from its environment. Allows nutrients to enter and wastes and other materials to leave the cell All cells have one. Hey! Let me in! No. You’re a virus!

21. Cytoskeleton “supports & internal framework” A network of protein fibers (microfilaments) and tubes (microtubules) extending throughout the cell. Provides a framework for the cell. Provides a framework for the cell. Helps transport materials. Helps transport materials. Anchors the organelles. Anchors the organelles. Functions in cell movement. Functions in cell movement. © Glencoe Biology 2007

22. Nucleus “control center” Controls the cell’s actions Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA). Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Has a dense region called the nucleolus where ribosomes are formed. © Glencoe Biology 2007

23. Chromatin “blueprints” Located in the nucleus Composed of nucleic acids (DNA) Condenses into chromosomes during cell division Chromosomes during early cell division – 10,000x

24. Mitochondria “power plant” Change energy stored in food compounds (mostly sugars) into a form useful for the cell.

25. semi-fluid material inside the plasma membrane composed of water and organic compounds. site of all cellular chemical processes in prokaryotes Cytoplasm contains the “raw materials”

26. Organelles that manufacture proteins Composed of RNA and protein Not bound by a membrane. Some float free in the cytoplasm while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes “machines/ workers” Electron Micrograph of ribosomes. The ribosomes operate in chains when translating a mRNA. Copyright © Daniel Kunkel

27. Membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that produces materials for the cell. Two types: Two types: Rough ER – has ribosomes attached; makes proteins Smooth ER – no ribosomes; makes lipids and removes waste materials Endoplasmic Reticulum “assembly line” © Glencoe Biology 2007

28. Golgi Apparatus “packing center” A series of flat, membrane-bound sacs that sorts, modifies, packages, and distributes molecules into sacs called vesicles. © Glencoe Biology 2007

29. Vesicles “packing/ boxes” A small membrane bound sac that transports materials throughout the cell It can be created by the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus.

30. Lysosomes “waste disposal” Special vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes that can break down large molecules and old organelles. © Glencoe Biology 2007

31. HOMEWORK Obtain a sheet of cell parts and organelles. Decide which cell part performs a similar task as each part of your factory. When you have made your decisions, cut out the cell parts and attach them to your floor plan over the factory part that performs a similar task. When you have finished you will have created a model of a typical eukaryotic animal cell.

32. A comparison of animal, plant, and prokaryotic cells. © Glencoe Biology 2007

33. Drill December 15, 2006 Answer the following five questions: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid __________. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid __________. A phospholipid molecule has a _______ head and a _____________ tail. A phospholipid molecule has a _______ head and a _____________ tail. If you are using a microscope with a 10x objective and a 10x eyepiece, what is the total magnification of this microscope? If you are using a microscope with a 10x objective and a 10x eyepiece, what is the total magnification of this microscope? What are the three parts of the cell theory? What are the three parts of the cell theory? ________ was the first person to use the word “cell” to describe the tiny boxes he saw in cork. ________ was the first person to use the word “cell” to describe the tiny boxes he saw in cork.

34. Drill December 16, 2006 Answer the following questions: What organelle makes proteins? What organelle makes proteins? What organelle packages proteins? What organelle packages proteins? Proteins in the cell are packaged in small membrane-bound compartments called _________. Proteins in the cell are packaged in small membrane-bound compartments called _________. What organelle breaks down wastes, foreign particles and old organelles? What organelle breaks down wastes, foreign particles and old organelles?

35. Selective Permeability A membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out. A membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out. © Glencoe Biology 2007

36. Structure of the Plasma Membrane Composed of a phospholipid bilayer Arrangement of phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic (polar) heads on the outside hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails on the inside. © Glencoe Biology 2007

37. Components of the Plasma Membrane Proteins imbedded in membrane.  Transmit signals to the inside of the cell.  Anchor the membrane to the internal support structure.  Transport proteins for tunnels for substances to enter and leave the cell. Cholesterol prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together. Carbohydrates attach to the proteins.  Define the cell’s characteristics.  Identify chemical signals.

38. Fluid Mosaic Model © Glencoe Biology 2007