1. Unit 4

2.  To prevent bodily infections  To prevent infertility  To prevent cervical cancer

3.  External Vulva- Folds of skin, fatty tissue, to protect the internal organs  Internal Organ- Ovaries- contain hormones and eggs that will be used during fertilization. Fallopian Tube-is a tube through which ovum moves from ovary to uterus.  Uterus- muscular organ that receives and supports the fertilization of an ovum during pregnancy.

4.  Puberty- Growth and development that allows the body to become capable of offspring  Puberty Cycle: pituitary gland---->follicle stimulating hormone----> causes ovary to secrete estrogen----> estrogen causes the body to stimulate secondary characteristics  Secondary Sex Characteristics-physical and emotional changes during puberty

5.  Increased height  Widening hips  Pubic/underarm hair  Increase breast size  Menstruation

6.  Ovaries-contain 200,000 to 300,000 thousand eggs  Ovulation-the females ovary releases an ovum (egg) flows into the fallopian tube…..from the fallopian tube the egg travels to the uterus.  Fertilization- Egg and Sperm come together to create a zygote  If fertilization takes place it will occur in the fallopian tube  If a pregnancy occurs the uterus will receive the zygote.

7.  Occurs every estimated 28 days  Day 1-5 Menstruation shedding of uterus lining occurs  Day 6-12 New lining thickens prepares for ovulation and possibility the egg will be fertilized  Day 13-14 Ovulation occurs egg gets released from ovary  Day 15-20 Temporary glands corpus luteum secretes progesterone which changes the lining of the uterus to get ready for fertilized egg  Day 21-28 If not fertilized the egg cell dies and the cells making up the lining of the uterus begins to break down. Then those items are removed during Day 1-5.

8.  Practice Abstinence  Women self check-notice cramps, mood swings, anything that is out of the ordinary  Hygiene- Change pad, panty shield, tampons every 4 to 6 hours or sooner, wash genitals  Keep calendar of your menstrual cycle If your period doesn’t occur it could be a sign of an unplanned pregnancy or that a problem exist – excessive dieting/exercising

9.  Amenorrhea-missed period  Second Amenorrhea-started then stopped  Diet-your body needs energy, if you starve yourself your body will stop your period as a way to save energy

10.  Meiosis is the creation of sex cells meaning egg and sperm  Meiosis- interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis  http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M /meiosis.html http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M /meiosis.html

11.  Secondary Sex Characteristics are at risk as well 1/3 of all cancer in women is Breast Cancer  Self checks for lumps  Lumpectomy- removes the lump  Partial Mastectomy- removes lumps and tissue  Full Mastectomy- removes both breast by removing all breast tissue

12.  External:  penis-used for reproduction and urination  Scrotum- sac pouch holds testes job is to regulate temperature  Internal:  testes, vas deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, glands, urethra  Seminal Vesicles below the bladder are important because they provide nourishment

13.  Ejaculation-involuntary (don’t have control) muscle contraction that allows the bodies semen to exit the body  Semen-cowpers gland fluid + prostate gland fluid + sperm stored in epididymis come together in the ejaculatory duct and are released as semen

14.  Starts in testes------>Espididymis----->Vas Deferens----->Ejaculatory Duct----->Urethra

15.  Occurs usually between ages 12-15  1 st Pituitary Gland Increases production of luteinizing hormone (lh) in the blood  2 nd LH causes testes to secrete testosterone  3 rd Testosterone creates physical & emotional secondary sex characteristics

16.  Increased height, deepen voice, facial hair, formation of sperm, enlargement of reproduction organs  Emotions-change due to testosterone level

17.  Circumcision- the foreskin purpose is for protection of the distal part of the penis (tip of the penis). The tip has massive amounts of nerves and easy abrasions can occur.  However, if not cleaned well enough infections can occur from smegma build up  Smegma- is dead skin cells and penis secretions

18.  Inguial Hernia-during the 7 month of pregnancy the testes pass through the abdomen to reach the scrotum through inguinal canal. After they reach the scrotum the canal closes to prevent intestines from pushing through. If part of the testes get caught between the intestines and the scrotum it creates a hernia which causes organ dysfunction.

19.  Digital Rectal Examination- to check for prostate cancer 2 nd most common cancer among males.  Mutation of prostate cells  More divisions the more chances replication going wrong  Risk factor- 50 years of age or older  Diet-red meat, people who eat fewer veggies/fruits

20.  Testicular Cancer-self check testes for lumps  Most common cancer among males 15 to 34  Practice Abstinence to prevent exposure  To prevent hernia use proper lifting technique by bending at the knees and not using your back  Wear protective clothing and equipment such as a cup or athletic supporter