1. The Integumentary System
By: Me and Luciano

2. What is it? Nail Skin Hair
It is the system composed of hair, skin and nails.
A system is an association of two or more organs that work together to do something
Nail
Skin
Hair

3. Skin Largest organ of the body
2 layers: dermis (lower) and epidermis (upper)
SA of 1 to 2 meters
16% of body weight
A: common sweat gland
B: hair follicle
C: arrector pili
D: sebaceous gland
E: hair shaft
F: epidermis
G: dermis – pars papillaris
H: dermis – pars reticularis
I: hypodermis

4. Skin Parts Arrector Pili – Erects hair during cold or emotional stress
Sebaceous Gland – Oil gland; Keeps skin from drying out
Epidermis – Upper layer of skin; Protects dermis and rest of body
Dermis – Below epidermis; Contains nerve-endings, sweat and subaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels
Hypodermis – Independent fat cells below dermis
A: common sweat gland
B: hair follicle
C: arrector pili
D: sebaceous gland
E: hair shaft
F: epidermis
G: dermis – pars papillaris
H: dermis – pars reticularis
I: hypodermis

5. Skin Functions in Homeostasis
Protection
Body temperature regulation
Sensory reception
Water balance
Syntheses of vitamins and hormones
Absorption of materials

6. Common Skin Pathology
Apocrine glands produce a solution that bacteria act upon to produce body odor
If the sebaceous glands become plugged and infected, it becomes a blemish or pimple
Cancer: carcinoma and melanoma
Contact dermatitis (e.g. poison ivy)
Burns – First, second and third degree
Wrinkles
Calluses
Moles
Psoriasis
Hair loss
Frostbite

7. Common Pathology Pictures Part 2
Dermatitis
Melanoma
Nickel Allergy
Warts
Kaposi’s Saracoma

8. Wrinkles Major difference between young and old Loss of elasticity
More common in light-skinned people
Cross-linking collagen fibers

9. Thick vs. Thin

10. Thin Skin = Thin Epidermis Thick vs. Thin Part II
Epidermis of thick skin is 10x epidermis of thin.
The different is in the thickness of the st. corneum
Thickest skin on body is the thin skin on the back

11. Miscellaneous Skin Info
Epidermis replaces itself every days

12. Sweat Glands (Common) Classification-Simple coiled tubular
Secretory Units-Shape like tubules
Ducts-Unbranched
Found through out the body
Most common in forehead
Begin functioning at birth
A: Common sweat gland (duct)
B: Myoepithelial cell
C: Common sweat gland (secretory unit)

13. Sweat Gland ‘apocrine’ (Large)
Classification-Simple coiled tubular
Secretory Units-Shape like tubules
Ducts-Unbranched
Secretory units much larger than in common glands

14. Skin Color (pigment) Melanin (yellow-brown-black)
Carotene (yellow- orange)
- accumulates in corneum
Hemoglobin (red)
Erythema vs. Cyanosis
-Influenced by blood flow, liver (jaundice)

15. Hair D: Cortex E: Medulla Derived from skin
Extends above the skin surface
Made of Keratin
D: Cortex
E: Medulla

16. Hair follicle

17. Hair Diseases Baldness –Loss of hair Hair thinning – thinning of hair
Hair graying –graying of hair

18. Nails Highly Keratinized, modified epidermal cells
Arises from nail bed.
Rate of growth depends on finger length

19. Nail Diagram

20. Nail Pathology
Nail Fungus
Ingrown nail

21. Luciano’s Bibliography
Jason’s Bibliography
Body Systems
The Human Body (its structure and operation)
Luciano’s Bibliography
How the Body works
The Human Body