1. Homework- 12C url: myhrw.com username:cpiro23 password:x2p4n
Chapter 30.1
Read
Outline
Answer FAQ’s pg 855 (#1-6)

2. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Do Now:
Breathing is the result of the close coordination of
the respiratory and circulatory systems…
What is it like to hold your breath for any length of time?
Explain what impulses you feel or how your body reacts
when forced to hold your breath.

3. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
SLO:
You should be able to describe the respiratory system
and its functions as well as describe the circulatory
system and its functions
Essential Question:
How do the respiratory and circulatory systems bring
oxygen and nutrients to all cells and maintain
homeostasis?

4. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Vocabulary:
circulatory system
respiratory system
heart
pharynx
artery
larynx
vein
trachea
capillary
bronchi
bronchioles
lungs
alveoli
diaphragm

5. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Anticipatory Set.
The record for holding one’s breath, which is a state called apnea, is close to nine minutes. To achieve this, one has to slow the heartbeat considerably. Apnea leads to low levels of oxygen, which can produce hypoxia. The body diverts oxygen from the hands and feet to vital organs, usually causing a person to lose consciousness.

6. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs.
picks up oxygen from inhaled air
expels carbon dioxide and water
nose
sinus
mouth
epiglottis
trachea
lungs
pharynx
esophagus
esophagus

7. The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood.
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood.
The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area.
The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.
trachea
alveoli
bronchiole

8. Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage.
Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
Air inhaled.
Muscles contract and
rib cage expands.
Diaphragm flattens
and moves downward.
Air exhaled.
Muscles and
rib cage relax.
Diaphragm relaxes
and rises.
PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS IS LOWER THAN PRESSURE OUTSIDE THE LUNGS
PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS IS HIGHER THAN PRESSURE OUTSIDE THE LUNGS

9. Respiratory System co2 o2 GAS EXCHANGES capillary Co2 diffuses
alveolus
capillary
co2 o2
Co2 diffuses
into alveolus.
O2 diffuses
into blood.

10. Video on Respiration

11. 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells and maintain homeostasis.
Oxygen-poor blood
Oxygen-rich blood
The circulatory system transports blood and other materials.
brings supplies to cells
carries away wastes
separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood
VEINS
HEART
CAPILLARIES
ARTERIES

12. The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body.
veins
arteries
The system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
heart pumps blood throughout body
arteries move blood away from heart
veins move blood back to heart
capillaries get blood to and from cells

13. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
There are three major functions of the circulatory system.
transporting blood, gases, nutrients
collecting waste materials
maintaining body temperature

14. Independent Practice: Using your online Biology textbook, answer the following questions.
Apply When you stand up after lying down, why do your heart rate and breathing rate increase?
Predict How might damaged alveoli affect the oxygen level in the blood?
Infer If a person has a weak heart, how might his or her ability to maintain a stable body temperature be affected?

15. Exit Ticket Follow the path of oxygen in the pulmonary system
system beginning with inhalation from the nose/mouth to the
lung and ending with exhalation from the lung back to the
nose/mouth.
You must include all structures involved in sequence.

16. Homework 12C 30.2 Read and Answer FAQ’s

17. 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Do Now.
Using your research skills, use your lap tops to investigate the question that follows. Nearly every winter, newspapers carry stories of people killed by carbon monoxide (CO) gas in their homes. This colorless, odorless gas escapes from leaks in furnaces that burn fossil fuels. What makes CO so deadly?

18. 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Anticipatory Set.
What makes CO so deadly?
Your body readily absorbs it into the blood, which means
less O2 is absorbed. Within a short time, your cells become
oxygen starved. You must quickly get to an area where you
can breathe fresh air.

19. 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
SLO:
You should be able to summarize gas exchange in the
lungs and describe how respiratory diseases
interfere with gas exchange.
Essential Question:
How does the respiratory system exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

20. 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Vocabulary:
red blood cell
hemoglobin
emphysema
asthma

21. trachea

22. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli.
oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary
oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli
ALVEOLI
GAS EXCHANGES
alveolus
capillary
co2 o2
Co2 diffuses
into alveolus.
O2 diffuses
into blood.
capillaries

24. Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption.
1) Emphysema destroys alveoli
occurs when the air sacs in your lungs are gradually destroyed
turns the spherical air sacs into large, irregular pockets with gaping holes in their inner walls
reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream
makes ppl progressively more short of breath
smoking is the leading cause of emphysema.

25. Surface Area to Volume Ratio
The surface of a cell, its membrane, is the site of exchange between its interior and its external environment. This surface must allow sufficient exchange to support the contents of the cell. As these cubes illustrate the surface area to volume ratio of a small object is larger than that of a large object of similar shape. This ratio limits how large cells can be.

26. Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
Emphysema- leading cause is smoking.
Over time, many alveoli are destroyed.
Gradual reduction of the surface area for gas exchange.
Prevention = refrain from smoking.
No cure

27. 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

28. Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
Asthma constricts airways.

29. Independent Practice: Using your online Biology textbook, answer the following questions.
Predict How might a sudden rise in CO2 in the blood affect the gas exchange process?
Analyze How does the alveoli’s structure relate to the function of gas exchange?
Synthesize How does smoking affect gas exchange?

30. Exit Ticket
Utilizing your technology skills research another lung disease/disorder besides asthma and emphysema.
List the….
1) Name of the disease
2) Cause of the disease (etiology)
3) Effect that it has on the body (symptoms)
4) Treatments

31. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
Do Now:
What is the difference between an open circulatory
systems and closed circulatory system? Why is a closed
system required for vertebrates, such as
humans?

34. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
SLO:
You should be able to describe the structure and function
of the heart as well as contrast pulmonary and systemic
circulation.
Essential Question:
How does the heart move
the blood through the
two physiological
pathways?
The total length of all the capillaries
in an adult human is approximately
40,000 km (about 25,000 mi).
• Blood vessels in a blue whale are so
wide that a full-grown trout could
swim through them.

35. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
Vocabulary:
Inferior vena cava
pulmonary valve
superior vena cava
aortic valve
atrium (R&L)
pulmonary circulation
ventricle (R&L)
systemic circulation
tricuspid valve
mitral valve
semilunar valves
pacemaker

36. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
Do Now: Review homework questions.
Analyze The left ventricle is the largest chamber of the heart. How is its size related to its function?
Critical Viewing If the valves in the right ventricle do not close properly, where in the body might circulation be affected the most?
Infer Why is it important to have two separate pathways for circulation?

37. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
Anticipatory Set.
A defect in the heart can cause an irregular heart rhythm, or arrhythmia. In some cases, the atrial and ventricular contractions get badly out of sync. Any uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers that prevents the smooth contraction of a muscle is called fibrillation. With the contractions of the heart muscles out of phase, the heart can no longer pump blood, circulation stops, and brain death occurs. By exposing the heart to a strong electric shock, the heart can in effect “reboot” and reestablish a normal rhythm. This process is called defibrillation.

38. The tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump.
30.3 The Heart and Circulation
The tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump.
Cardiac muscle tissue works continuously without tiring.
NORMAL HUMAN HEART
CARDIAC muscle MUSCLE

39. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles.
Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood.
aortic valve
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
septum
pulmonary valve
right atrium
tricuspid
right ventricle
Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action.

40. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
The heartbeat consists of two contractions.
Sinoatrial (SA) node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract
Atrioventricular (AV) node stimulates ventricles to contract
aorta
pulmonary artery
superior vena cava
left atrium
aortic valve
pulmonary valve
pulmonary veins
SA node
AV node
mitral valve
right atrium
left ventricle
tricuspid
inferior vena cava

41. Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.1 2 4 3

42. Circulation Video

44. 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange

45. Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.
oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then right ventricle
right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood to body

46. The heart pumps blood through two main pathways.
Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs.
oxygen-poor blood enters lungs
excess carbon dioxide and water expelled
blood picks up oxygen
oxygen-rich blood returns to heart

47. 30.3 The Heart and Circulation
Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body.
oxygen-rich blood goes to organs, extremities
oxygen-poor blood returns to heart
The two pathways help maintain a stable body temperature.

48. 30.4 Blood Vessels & Transport
Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
blood under great pressure
thicker, more muscular walls
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
venule
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
valve

49. Veins carry blood back to the heart.
blood under less pressure
thinner walls, larger diameter
valves prevent backflow
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
venule
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
valve

50. Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells.
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
venule
valve

51. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls.
systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts
diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes
High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

52. Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases.
Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases.
smoking
long-term stress
excessive weight
lack of exercise
diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fats

53. Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries.
artery walls become thick and inflexible
plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

54. Checking for Understanding
What do veins rely on to maintain blood flow in one direction?
If you were to puncture an artery of a living human being, what do expect will happen? Why? Will the same thing occur if you puncture a vein?
Why don’t arteries need valves to keep blood circulating?
Why do you think that blood moving from the heart to the lungs must be carried by an artery and not by a vein?
What are long distance truck drivers/pilots at risk of due to their extended time spent sitting. Explain how this is related to the structures of our veins.
How can lifestyle choices affect the function of the arteries?