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T-44 Emergency Procedures

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Presentation on theme: "T-44 Emergency Procedures"— Presentation transcript:

1 T-44 Emergency Procedures
FP-5 T-44 Emergency Procedures 5/14/15

2 Ground Emergencies

3 Ground Emergencies Abnormal Start Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck
Loss of Brakes Hot Brakes Brake Fire Jammed Controls on Deck

4 Abnormal Start

5 Abnormal Start Execute Memory Items:
Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF (note ITT decrease to below 790). Starter – OFF. Know your starter limitations If another start is attempted, allow 60 seconds delay to drain fuel and cool starter, then motor for 15 seconds minimum.

6 Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck
Confirm, if possible, the fire actually exists by checking instruments and nacelles. Execute Memory Items: Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF. Firewall valves – CLOSED. Boost pumps – OFF. Fire extinguisher – As Required. AUX BATT Switch – OFF. Gang Bar – OFF. Evacuate aircraft.

7 Loss of Brakes/ Hot Brakes
Have other pilot check his/her pedals Maintain directional control Utilize prop reverse or beta to stop Do not taxi; maneuver into open area Check shuttle valve by pulling the top of the brake pedal. Call for assistance for tow Usually the result of excessive braking Use reverse and minimum braking to stop Allow the brakes to cool using prop wash Locking the wheels may occur resulting in blown tires Call for assistance for tow

8 Brake Fire Execute Memory Items:
Stop aircraft. Firefighting assistance – Request. Emergency Shutdown on Deck Checklist – Execute. Preferable to stay behind the aircraft. If the wheels explode because of rapid cooling, fragments will fly sideways from the wheel. Do not attempt to fight the fire!

9 Jammed Controls on Deck
Check yaw damp/auto pilot OFF Maintain controls in the jammed condition Call for immediate inspection

10 Takeoff Emergencies

11 Takeoff Emergencies Aborting Takeoff Engine Failure During Takeoff
Engine Failure After Takeoff Tire Failure Abnormal Takeoffs

12 Aborting Takeoff The decision to abort or continue is dependent on the length of remaining runway, airspeed, gross weight, and density altitude. Use extreme caution if takeoff surface is not hard and dry (reverse considerations). Mechanical stops are incorporated in the throttle quadrant; downward pressure must be applied to allow for reversing power.

13 Aborting Takeoff Execute Memory Items: Announce “Abort.”
Power levers – IDLE Reverse – As Required Brakes – As Required (Prior to departing the prepared surface): Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF (As soon as practicable): Firewall Valves – CLOSED Boost pumps – OFF Fire extinguisher(s) – As Required AUX BATT switch – OFF Gang Bar – OFF Evacuate aircraft.

14 Engine Failure During Takeoff
Abort!

15 Engine Failure After Takeoff

16 Engine Failure After Takeoff
Execute Memory Items: Power – As Required Gear – UP Airspeed – As Required (Vxse or Vyse) Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute. Warning: Do NOT retard the power lever until the feathering sequence is completed. Warning: No climb can be obtained with an inoperative engine windmilling. Always ensure the failed engine prop feathers!

17 Tire Failure If occurs during takeoff, ABORT.
Control the aircraft using rudder, nosewheel steering and brakes, as necessary.

18 Abnormal Takeoffs You won’t do these. Reference NATOPS for:
Obstruction Clearance Takeoff Soft-Field Takeoff Short-Field Takeoff

19 Inflight Emergencies

20 In-Flight Emergencies (Part I)
Engine Failure Emergency Shutdown Checklist Jammed Power Lever Airstarts Single-Engine Crossfeed

21 Engine Failure Relax! No unusual handling characteristics.
Sufficient rudder trim to maintain level flight above 100 knots (below requires manual augment) Warning: Waving-off with full flaps will result in a loss of 200’ before climb is established. Execute Memory Items if experienced after takeoff. DO NOT relight with a MOVEOFF item: Mechanical Malfunction 0% N1 RPM Overheat Fire Vibration Fuel Fumes Explosion

22 Emergency Shutdown Checklist
Execute Memory Items: Power lever – IDLE Prop lever – FEATHER Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF. FTI: “Is it a FIRE or a FUEL LEAK?” Firewall Valve – CLOSED Fire extinguisher – As Required Bleed air – CLOSED

23 Engine Shutdown Checklist
Continue with steps 7-8, conditions permitting. Don’t interrupt the checklist to conduct the Landing Checklist Fly the airplane first. Always remember: AVIATE, NAVIGATE, COMMUNICATE

24 Jammed Power Lever If no abnormal conditions are detected, consideration can be given to keeping the engine running. Prior to landing… Execute Memory Items: Condition lever (affected engine) – FUEL CUTOFF Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute (PF)

25 Airstarts Either generator-assisted or battery-only (windmilling).
You will see each one in the C4300 block. Always determine the cause of failure first!

26 Airstarts Generator-assisted: Reference NATOPS.
This is the normal procedure for relight.

27 Airstarts Windmilling: for inadvertent shutdown. Execute Memory Items:
Power lever (failed engine) – IDLE Prop lever (failed engine) – Full Forward Condition lever (failed engine) – FUEL CUTOFF Firewall valve – OPEN Autoignition – ARMED Condition lever – LOW IDLE Power – As Required Complete steps 8-10.

28 Single-Engine Crossfeed
Reference NATOPS OPEN the crossfeed valve Turn OFF the boost pump for the non-feeding tank Wing SOP: Fuel balancing is not authorized Only use for emergency purposes.

29 In-Flight Emergencies (Part II)
In-Flight Fire Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin Smoke & Fume Elimination Oil System Failure Fuel System Failure Fuel Leaks Fuel Siphoning Electrical System Failure Propeller Failure Pilot Emergency Static Air Source

30 In-Flight Fire CONFIRM the fire exists.
Sunlight may cause illumination of the warning light. If secondaries exist, shutdown. If no secondaries exist, consideration should be given to shutdown.

31 In-Flight Fire Fire, confirmed.

32 Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin
This checklist may be exited once the source is found. Pausing between last 5 steps may isolate electrical fire. With the Gang Bar OFF, you will still have AUX battery items available (CRANE) Maintain VMC if possible! Land/ditch immediately if fire uncontrollable. Execute Memory Items: Crew – Alerted. Cabin temp mode – OFF Vent blower – AUTO Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required

33 Smoke & Fume Elimination
Execute Memory Items: Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required Pressurization – DUMP Closing bleed air valves will reduce fumes Magnetic compass fluid is highly toxic! Execute memory items.

34 Oil System Failure Pressure below 85psi is undesirable
Tolerate for completion of flight Reduce power, land as soon as practicable Pressure below 40psi, temp above 99 is unsafe, execute a shutdown. CHIP light – check for secondaries! Either case, land as soon as possible If none are detected, engine may be used with discretion for situations requiring power.

35 Fuel System Failure Engine driven fuel pump failure leads to flameout
Boost pump failure requires crossfeed or suction lifting Reference NATOPS! Your range may be affected.

36 Fuel Leaks Execute Memory Items: Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF
Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute An apparent fuel leak might be fuel siphoning if it originates from the fuel cap.

37 Fuel Leaks FUEL SIPHONING: Extreme nose low attitudes
will aggravate the fuel siphoning condition (airspeed 140 knots max). FUEL LEAK: Secure engine with memory items.

38 Electrical System Failure
Execute Memory Items: Generator – OFF, reset momentarily, then ON. (If generator will not reset): Generator – OFF Current Limiter (Battery Anmeter) – Checked Maintain VMC whenever possible. Know your wet compass characteristics and “Big 5” for total electrical failure (in FTI). You will see this in syllabus.

39 Propeller Failure

40 Propeller Failure Three levels of “governing”: Primary, overspeed, and the fuel-topping governors. Practice the FTI CRM brief. Don’t shut down engine/prop that feathers properly unless secondary indications are noted. Note: Landing with an overspeeding prop is strongly discouraged. The ultimate goal is to feather the prop.

41 Propeller Failure Execute Memory Items:
Attempt to adjust prop RPM; if normal limits exist, continue operation. If not, complete the following: Power lever – IDLE Prop lever – FEATHER Alternate Prop Feathering Checklist – As Required. Prop Linkage Failure results in 2200 RPM or the last RPM setting. Manipulate the other prop to match them, and land (reversing, as required).

42 Pilot Emergency Static Air Source
Reference NATOPS Chapter 25 for gauge error Airspeed and Altitude will be approximately +5 KIAS/+50 feet in error on pilot’s side at approach speeds/altitudes (you will actually be lower and slower).

43 In-Flight Emergencies (Part III)
Electrothermal Propeller Deice Surface Deice Loss of Pressurization Explosive Decompression Emergency Descent Procedure Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated Flight Guidance Failure In-flight Damage / Spin/OCF Recovery Terrain Warning

44 Electrothermal Propeller Deice
Normal range is amps. 0 or 23 amps is unusable Imbalance requires manipulating the prop levers to aid in ice removal.

45 Surface Deice Stall speeds will significantly increase with the wing deice boots inflated. If boots fail to deflate, pull the SUR DE-ICE circuit breaker.

46 Loss of Pressurization
Reference NATOPS. Approximately 75% N1 is required to maintain pressurization during descent. Utilizing the TEST position may restore pressurization; pull the PRESS CONTROL CB to remove electrical power and maintain pressure (CAUTION – reset prior to landing!).

47 Explosive Decompression
Execute Memory Items: Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required Descend – As Required Do not confuse fog with smoke. Descend below 10,000’ to remove mask or below 18,000’ with masks on (3710 cabin altitude limits).

48 Emergency Descent Procedure
Execute Memory Items: Power levers – IDLE Props – FULL FORWARD Flaps – As Required Landing gear – As Required Airspeed – As Required Windshield heat – As Required Don’t exceed airframe limitations For training, stick with just props full forward.

49 Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated
Don’t attempt to check the door Ensure that all occupants are seated and belted Depressurize the cabin Land

50 Autopilot Disengagement
Automatic: Manual: Any interruption/failure of power Pushing the AP/YD button (FGP) Failure condition of FGC Go-Around button (LH throttle) Flight control failure AP/YD disc. button (yoke) A/P trim failure Manual trim switch (yoke) Stall condition DISC bar is positioned down Extreme attitude Avionics Master OFF In any of these cases, the horn will continue until the disc. button on the yoke is pressed.

51 Inflight Damage Damage includes midair collision, bird strike or overstress Check contols for freedom of movement Conduct a controllability check: Above 5,000’ Configure and slow in 10 knot increments Land as soon as possible with minimum movement (straight-in approach)

52 Spin/OCF Recovery Execute Memory Items:
Power levers – IDLE Rudder – Full deflection opposite direction turn needle Control Wheel – Rapidly Forward Rudder – Neutralize after rotation stops Control Wheel – Pull out of dive with smooth, steady back pressure. You will brief this before every event. Practice!

53 Terrain Warning Execute Memory Items:
Wings – Level Power – Maximum Allowable Pitch – As required for Vx Flaps – Approach (unless already UP) Gear – UP Flaps – UP Props – 1,900 RPM Continue climb at Vx until all warnings cease. Notify ATC. You are authorized to deviate!

54 Landing Emergencies

55 Landing Emergencies Single Engine Landing
Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach Flap System Failure Landing Gear Emergencies Abnormal Landings Forced Landing - No Power Ditching Wind Shear

56 Single Engine Landing Full flaps should be utilized only if required (no possibility of a waveoff) Utilize single engine reverse, as required Feathered prop can lead to floating Airspeed: 110 KIAS is a MINIMUM until over the threshold per the FTI.

57 Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach
Execute Memory Items: Power – Max Allowable, establish positive rate of climb Flaps – Approach (unless already UP) Gear – UP Flaps – UP Prop – 1,900 RPM Technique: Climb at 102 KIAS until clean, then climb at 110 KIAS. You will accelerate to 120 KIAS in the pattern very easily. Maintain 500’ upwind in the pattern.

58 Flap System Failure Know your FTI flap malfunction brief!
No provisions exist for emergency flap operation Wing flap motor circuit breaker should be pulled Restore to last position & verify before landing.

59 Landing Gear Emergencies
Actual gear-up landing (DEC 2013)

60 Landing Gear Emergencies
Don’t cycle the gear handle until after referencing NATOPS due to complexity of malfunction Once you have three down & locked, obtain a visual inspection and land! If not, run the Landing Gear Unsafe Down Indications checklist.

61 Abnormal Landings Main / Nosewheel tire flat
Consult NATOPS when applicable for: Soft field Short field

62 Wind Shear Execute Memory Items:
Power – Maximum Allowable Attitude – Set and Hold Approximately 15 degrees noseup Gear – UP Flaps – Maintain Current Setting You will brief this before every event. Practice!

63 Forced Landing - No Power
Circular pattern (similar to ELP) Flaps – FULL, as required If unsure of landing surface, land gear up Tendency to overshoot because of less drag Reference NATOPS fig

64 Ditching You will fly these extensively in contacts!
Order of Priorities: Wings-level Rate of descent Airspeed Power settings are critical (800 ft-lbs SSE, 400 ft-lbs dual engine) Ditch parallel to the swells Always gear up.

65 Emergency Procedures Review


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